How Saudi Arabia’s KAUST is pushing the envelope on Generative AI possibilities

How Saudi Arabia’s KAUST is pushing the envelope on Generative AI possibilities
An aerial view of the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology in Thuwal is shown nin this photo posted on KAUST’s Facebook account. (Photo courtesy of KAUST)
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Updated 20 July 2024
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How Saudi Arabia’s KAUST is pushing the envelope on Generative AI possibilities

How Saudi Arabia’s KAUST is pushing the envelope on Generative AI possibilities
  • Launch of King Abdullah University of Science and Technology’s Center of Excellence was announced on July 1
  • The goal is to find solutions aligned with four national priority areas outlined in Kingdom’s RDIA Vision 2030

RIYADH: Saudi Arabia’s King Abdullah University of Science and Technology is joining the global artificial intelligence race by accelerating generative AI research and development through models that align with the Kingdom’s Research Development and Innovation Authority’s Vision 2030.

“Generative AI (GenAI) is on its way to transform every aspect of our civilization and has already started doing so. It will be central to the future development of (Saudi Arabia), with a plethora of applications in health care, industry, energy, sustainability and entertainment, among many others,” Bernard Ghanem, chair of the Center of Excellence in Generative AI at KAUST, told Arab News.

On July 1, KAUST announced the launch of its Center of Excellence (CoE) on Generative AI, which intends to be the premier research, development, and innovation hub for pioneering generative AI technology aimed at addressing the most pressing challenges faced by the Kingdom and the world.




KAUST's new Center of Excellence (CoE) on Generative AI aims to be the premier research, development, and innovation hub for pioneering generative AI technology in the Kingdom. (KAUST photo)

“The KAUST GenAI CoE will push the envelope on what is possible with GenAI, in terms of technical capabilities, applications and real-world impact,” Ghanem said.

“We envision that the CoE will play a major role in boosting and expediting the GenAI landscape in the Kingdom and the world at large, leading to an explosion of new models with real-world applications in the four national priority R&D sectors identified by the Kingdom.”

KAUST’s mission is to enable GenAI research and development through GenAI models to find solutions aligned with the four national priority areas outlined in the Kingdom’s RDIA Vision 2030: Health and wellness; sustainability and essential needs; energy and industrials; and economies of the future.

“Throughout its lifetime, the GenAI CoE will work with partners in the Kingdom and the world to identify specific challenges to tackle within each of the four RDI pillars,” Ghanem said.




Bernard Ghanem, chair of the Center of Excellence in Generative AI at KAUST. (KAUST photo)

He outlined KAUST GenAI CoE’s strategies for using GenAI in the Kingdom’s priority research and development areas.

For health and wellness, the center aims to develop a GenAI multi-modal foundation model designed for clinical image analysis as well as establish a GenAI-based drug design and development pipeline for the Arab population.

In line with sustainability, KAUST GenAI CoE is working to develop GenAI foundation models for Earth observation data from satellite inputs as well as using the set foundation models for insights about Earth observation, with emphasis on specific-use cases including agricultural informatics, ecosystem assessment, and weather forecasting and prediction.

On energy and industries, Ghanem explained that the center of excellence was developing and specializing in GenAI foundational models in the domain of chemistry.




​KAUST’s mission is to enable GenAI research and development to find solutions on health and wellness, sustainability and essential needs, energy and industrials, and economies of the future. (Shutterstock image)

The center is using “foundation models for chemical reaction optimization (i.e., discovering the optimal chemical setup for a reaction to produce the best outcomes) and advanced material discovery and synthesis (i.e., combining GenAI models with an automated robotic chemistry lab for significantly expedited real-world discovery).”

Finally, in its mission to build the economies of the future, the GenAI Center of Excellence is developing and specializing in multi-modal GenAI models for business and government transformation. Through this, it aims to create GenAI models for the education sector such as intelligent tutoring for students and teacher assistance.

Ghanem said that the work in GenAI also extended to establishing “more expressive and more efficient GenAI models for visual content creation to support the growing creative industry such as social media, gaming, and entertainment in general.”

“The prospects of GenAI in creating massive value are supported by recent reports that expect this technology to conservatively add to the world economy a market size of several hundreds of billions of USD by 2030 and to significantly contribute to Saudi Arabia’s GDP by 2030,” Ghanem said. 

Ghanem explained that this mission would be executed through three main pillars: “The innovation of general-purpose GenAI models that are endowed with properties needed for ubiquitous, efficient and trustworthy deployment, the specialization of these models for solutions in all four pillars of the RDIA … and the delivery of the Kingdom’s ambition to accelerate the adoption of GenAI in the Kingdom by focusing on translational research and talent development.” 

With advances in Gen AI, new concerns are raised about the technology’s negative societal impacts, such as data privacy, environmental sustainability, and disparities in quality and coverage across regions and cultures. 

The KAUST CoE plans to address these concerns through its research projects on GenAI trustworthiness, efficient training and inference, and Arabic language model development. 

Ghanem underlined their mission in these projects to “usher in the next phase of GenAI technological evolution headlined by trustworthiness, internationalization, open access, and less environmental impact.” 

The GenAI CoE also intends to focus on making a positive impact through GenAI training and upskilling programs for KAUST researchers, partners, and the general public. Through their training outreach initiatives, the CoE hopes to address the shortage of GenAI talent in Saudi Arabia. 




File photo showing participants in the World Artificial Intelligence Competition for Youth held at KAUST in Thuwal last year. KAUST has emphasized the importance of such competitions in fostering AI skills and knowledge among young people. (SPA)

In a press statement, the center recognized that much more will be needed in the way of training, especially at the national level, “to truly drive significant impact in this aspect.” 

When asked what scientific, technical and upskilling challenges need to be addressed to advance the Saudi GenAI sector, Ghanem spoke of the importance of “access to large-scale data, talent development, GenAI hardware infrastructure, and GenAI Investment. 

“The GenAI ecosystem in the Kingdom is young and flourishing, and much progress has been made so far. However, several challenges still remain,” Ghanem said. 

“Arguably, one main reason why popular GenAI tools perform so well right now is their access to large-scale data for training and fine-tuning. Getting access to such volumes of data is crucial for future GenAI development in the Kingdom. Although efforts are ongoing in this respect within Saudi Arabia, more can be done to open source data from various organizations and entities.” 




KAUST also aims to create GenAI models for the education sector such as intelligent tutoring for students and teacher assistance. (Shutterstock image)

Developing a suitable GenAI environment in Saudi Arabia, Ghanem said, “will require a mass-scale talent development program (i.e., GenAI for the masses). This includes access to higher education in the field, but more importantly, it is based on short-term and focused training programs that teach the essentials of GenAI development to non-experts.” 

Ghanem believes that having access to large-scale data and sizable local talent is not enough for a thriving GenAI ecosystem. 

“Access to specialized hardware accelerators (e.g., high-end GPUs) is paramount for GenAI large-scale training and mass inference. Unfortunately, without access to enough of this hardware infrastructure, progress will be dampened, and the ecosystem will not progress and deliver impact in a timely manner,” he said.

On the topic of GenAI investment, Ghanem explained that healthy investment in this sector for homegrown and internationally competitive technology and commercial solutions is essential for a thriving and self-sustaining GenAI ecosystem. 

“While there are efforts in this respect currently ongoing, more concerted efforts can be made to address this challenge in such a fast-paced and ever-evolving field,” he said. 

“Through the CoE, new GenAI models will be developed and deployed to tackle the most pressing national and global challenges. We will do so while maintaining the utmost levels of AI ethical standards, by enforcing key values (e.g., fairness, safety and trustworthiness) in our R&D pipelines.”
 

 


Oil Updates — crude gains on supply concerns from Iran sanctions, strong refining margins

Oil Updates — crude gains on supply concerns from Iran sanctions, strong refining margins
Updated 25 February 2025
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Oil Updates — crude gains on supply concerns from Iran sanctions, strong refining margins

Oil Updates — crude gains on supply concerns from Iran sanctions, strong refining margins

BEIJING: Oil prices rose for a second day on Tuesday as fresh US sanctions imposed on Middle Eastern producer Iran increased concerns supply might tighten and as global refining margins remained strong.

Brent crude futures rose 38 cents, or 0.5 percent, to $75.16 a barrel by 7:01 a.m. Saudi time. US West Texas Intermediate crude futures gained 47 cents, or 0.7 percent, to $71.17 a barrel. Both contracts gained in Monday’s session after a $2 drop last Friday.

“In the short term, I continue to think crude oil is looking for a base. The fresh US sanctions announced on Iran overnight will likely assist with this as will the Iraqi oil minister’s commitment to reign in its oversupply,” said IG market analyst Tony Sycamore.

The US on Monday put new sanctions on more than 30 brokers, tanker operators, and shipping companies for their role in transporting Iranian oil. President Donald Trump has said he wants to bring Iran’s crude exports to zero.

Iran is the third-largest producer in the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, pumping 3.2 million barrels per day in January, according to a Reuters survey of OPEC output.

For now, fuel demand strength in the West is also supportive of oil markets, some analysts say.

“Globally complex refining margins are looking robust, with strong fuel oil and distillates crack, particularly in USGC and NEW benefiting from the heating oil demand from the cold snap,” said Sparta Commodities analyst Neil Crosby in a note, referring to the US Gulf Coast and Northwest Europe.

Margins for a typical refinery in Singapore processing regional benchmark Dubai crude averaged $3.5 a barrel in February so far, compared with $2.3 a barrel last month, LSEG pricing data showed.

However, gains overall were capped by the uncertain demand outlook.

US President Donald Trump said on Monday that tariffs against Canadian and Mexican imports scheduled to start on March 4 are “on time and on schedule” despite efforts by the two trading partners to address Trump’s concerns about border security and fentanyl. Analysts say the tariffs would be bearish for global oil demand growth.

In Europe, Ukraine hosted European leaders to mark the three-year anniversary of Moscow’s invasion, but US officials stayed away in an illustration of President Trump’s move closer to Russia.

The market has viewed Trump’s warming relations with Moscow as a potential signal of an easing in the sanctions on Russia, which would add to global oil supply.

“While there are hopes of an end to the war in Ukraine, I don’t think it’s very likely under the terms that Russia and the US are pushing for and without widespread support from a revitalized Europe,” said IG’s Sycamore, adding the conflict could still be supportive for oil markets in the near term. 


Internet shutdowns costing Pakistani businesses ‘hundreds of millions of dollars’ — Jazz CEO

Internet shutdowns costing Pakistani businesses ‘hundreds of millions of dollars’ — Jazz CEO
Updated 25 February 2025
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Internet shutdowns costing Pakistani businesses ‘hundreds of millions of dollars’ — Jazz CEO

Internet shutdowns costing Pakistani businesses ‘hundreds of millions of dollars’ — Jazz CEO
  • Pakistan suffered total $1.62 billion losses due to Internet outages and social media shutdowns in 2024, global web monitor says
  • Jazz CEO Aamir Ibrahim urges government to address issue, citing role of IT-enabled infrastructure in propelling businesses in Pakistan

KARACHI: The blockade of social media platforms and intermittent Internet shutdowns in Pakistan were causing losses running into “hundreds of millions of dollars” to the telecommunications sector and others that relied on online connectivity to run businesses, the CEO of Pakistan’s largest telecom company said this month. 

Pakistan suffered a total $1.62 billion losses due to Internet outages and social media shutdowns in 2024, according to a report by global Internet monitor Top10VPN.com, surpassing losses in war-torn countries like Sudan and Myanmar. The report, released on Jan. 2, said Pakistan experienced 9,735 hours of Internet disruptions that affected 82.9 million users last year, with elections and protests cited as the primary causes.

In an interview with Arab News, Aamir Ibrahim, the CEO of Jazz, Pakistan’s leading digital service provider with around 71 million subscribers, said telecommunications had developed into a cross-sector enabler, so when Internet services were interrupted, it was not telcos alone that lost revenue.

“About 70% of the revenue that we generate comes from Internet or data services, so, there is a consequential revenue impact for us as telcos [telecommunication companies] but the real damage actually comes in terms of customer convenience,” Ibrahim told Arab News when asked about the effect of Internet closures.

“So it’s not just that the telcos lose revenue, it’s every other business that relies on the Internet, whether it’s freelancers, whether it is Careem or cab-hailing [services], or whether it is somebody like FoodPanda, or mobile banking, all of them rely on the Internet to be able to offer services to their customers.

“That is the real cost to the economy and that runs in hundreds of millions of dollars with all these Internet shutdowns.”

Aamir Ibrahim, the CEO of Jazz, Pakistan’s largest telecom company, speaks during an interview with Arab News in Karachi on February 14, 2025. (AN photo)

Pakistan, a country of over 240 million, has witnessed up to 40% drop in Internet speeds in the last few months, according to the Wireless and Internet Service Providers Association of Pakistan (WISPAP). The speed drop comes amid what activities and opposition parties widely describe as a state-led digital crackdown that has included a ban on X, the imposition of a national firewall and attempts to restrict VPN use. 

The government denies any of the moves are aimed at censorship but rather at protecting national interests and going after terrorists and others who spread misinformation or incite violence online. 

Ibrahim acknowledged that the government had to maintain “a hard balancing act.”

“We have to be cognizant of the fact that there is a lot of fake information, a lot of fake news, things that can be detrimental to the interests of the country and even consumers and citizens and for that, you need a policy framework,” the Jazz CEO said. 

He urged the government to come up with a “mechanism” to tackle “deliberate vilification or other institution-damaging narratives” spread online. 

“So from a digital operator company perspective, we certainly advocate unrestricted Internet but the government has to actually balance it with the security concerns and concerns where information can become detrimental to national causes.”


Saudi Arabia launches aviation industry cluster in Jeddah to drive advanced manufacturing

Saudi Arabia launches aviation industry cluster in Jeddah to drive advanced manufacturing
Updated 24 February 2025
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Saudi Arabia launches aviation industry cluster in Jeddah to drive advanced manufacturing

Saudi Arabia launches aviation industry cluster in Jeddah to drive advanced manufacturing

RIYADH: The Saudi Authority for Industrial Cities and Technology Zones has revealed plans for a 1.2 million sq. m aviation industry cluster at MODON Oasis in Jeddah.

This ambitious project, developed in partnership with the Ministry of Industry and Mineral Resources and the General Authority of Civil Aviation, aims to localize cutting-edge aviation technologies and strengthen the sector’s supply chains.

The announcement, made during the ongoing Aerospace Connect Forum, was attended by GACA President Abdulaziz Al-Duailej, Khalil bin Ibrahim bin Salamah, deputy minister of industry and mineral resources for industrial affairs, and MODON CEO Majed Al-Argoubi.

Strategically located near King Abdulaziz International Airport and Jeddah Islamic Port, the aviation cluster is poised to offer an attractive investment landscape for aerospace manufacturing. The site will feature ready-built factories of varying sizes, designed to accommodate companies in the aviation sector and drive the localization of this vital industry.

This initiative is in line with Saudi Arabia’s National Industrial Strategy, Aviation Strategy, and Tourism Strategy, which collectively aim to position the Kingdom as a leading global aviation hub. The broader goal is to transform Saudi Arabia into a center for air transport, handling 30 million passengers and 2 million tonnes of air cargo annually.

MODON, in its commitment to advancing the aviation sector, is participating as a “Gold Partner” in the inaugural Aerospace Connect Forum, which runs in Jeddah until Feb. 25. The event is bringing together prominent local and international aviation experts, fostering a platform for knowledge exchange and business collaboration.

In addition to its efforts in aviation, MODON has also recently launched a food industry cluster in Jeddah, spanning over 11 million sq. m in the city’s second and third industrial zones. According to the Saudi Press Agency, this project is the world’s largest food industry cluster by area, supporting Vision 2030’s goals to enhance food security and industrial growth.

The new aviation industry cluster marks a significant milestone in Saudi Arabia’s strategy to boost industrial competitiveness, drive economic growth, and localize critical technologies, reinforcing the Kingdom’s leadership in the global aviation sector.


Saudi Arabia issues first aircraft maintenance licenses

Saudi Arabia issues first aircraft maintenance licenses
Updated 24 February 2025
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Saudi Arabia issues first aircraft maintenance licenses

Saudi Arabia issues first aircraft maintenance licenses

RIYADH: Saudi Arabia has issued its first-ever industrial licenses for aircraft maintenance and overhaul at the Aerospace Connect Forum in Jeddah, marking a significant advancement in the nation’s aviation sector.

The announcement was made at the inaugural forum, hosted by the National Industrial Development Center and held under the patronage of Minister of Industry and Mineral Resources Bandar Alkhorayef.

The two companies receiving the first licenses are Middle East Propulsion Co. and Saudia Technic, a subsidiary of Saudia Group. This milestone represents a key step in Saudi Arabia’s efforts to establish a self-sufficient and globally competitive aviation industry, in line with the objectives of Vision 2030 and the National Industrial Strategy.

An official statement said that the newly introduced industrial licensing activities were developed in collaboration with the General Authority of Civil Aviation and the General Authority for Military Industries.

These licenses encompass a wide range of aviation services, including aircraft repair and overhaul, component refurbishment, avionics system maintenance, as well as calibration and repair of electronic systems, and servicing of both military and commercial aircraft.

This initiative, which enables domestic companies to operate in the aircraft maintenance and repair sector, is expected to reduce Saudi Arabia’s dependence on foreign maintenance facilities, enhance localization efforts, and drive investment in high-value aerospace manufacturing and services.

The forum, running from Feb. 24-25, brings together leading experts, policymakers, and investors to explore the latest advancements and investment opportunities in the aviation sector.

Organized by the NIDC in collaboration with the Ministry of Industry and Mineral Resources, GACA, and Saudia Group, the forum serves as a key platform for industry stakeholders to collaborate and shape the future of Saudi Arabia’s aviation ecosystem.

The event will feature discussions on investment opportunities in Saudi Arabia’s aviation sector, infrastructure development for aircraft manufacturing and maintenance, research and innovation in aviation technology, as well as training and workforce development to meet industry demands.

This initiative aligns with the Kingdom’s broader strategy to establish itself as a regional leader in aviation services, creating a competitive business environment for both global and local investors, while enhancing its industrial capabilities.

With the launch of these licenses, Saudi Arabia strengthens its position as a hub for aviation services in the Middle East, reinforcing its commitment to economic diversification and technological advancement.

The forum is poised to play a pivotal role in shaping the country’s aviation roadmap, paving the way for future collaborations, innovations, and sector expansions.


Saudi Arabia tightens corporate ownership rules to boost transparency

Saudi Arabia tightens corporate ownership rules to boost transparency
Updated 24 February 2025
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Saudi Arabia tightens corporate ownership rules to boost transparency

Saudi Arabia tightens corporate ownership rules to boost transparency
  • Rules apply to all businesses operating in Saudi Arabia, including foreign entities
  • Companies must disclose beneficial ownership details upon registration and confirm their accuracy annually

JEDDAH: Saudi Arabia has approved new beneficial ownership rules to enhance corporate transparency and align with global financial regulations. 

Set to take effect on April 3, the measures coincide with the enforcement of the updated Commercial Registry System and were developed in collaboration with experts to align with international best practices, according to the Commerce Ministry. 

The decision was issued by Minister of Commerce Majid Al-Qasabi as part of efforts to strengthen regulatory oversight. The regulations, developed in line with Financial Action Task Force guidelines, require companies to disclose individuals who ultimately control or benefit from their operations. 

The move is part of Saudi Arabia’s broader efforts to modernize its business environment under Vision 2030. The rules aim to enhance transparency by establishing a dedicated database to register and store beneficial ownership data. 

The new rules also reinforce the Kingdom’s adherence to international standards, particularly those set by FATF, which works to protect the global financial system from illicit activities through policy development and enforcement. 

Under the new rules, a beneficial owner is defined as anyone holding at least 25 percent of a company’s capital, controlling 25 percent or more of its voting rights, appointing or dismissing leadership, or exerting significant influence over its decisions. If no individual meets these criteria, the company’s director, board member, or chairman will be designated as the beneficial owner, the release added. 

The rules apply to all businesses operating in Saudi Arabia, including foreign entities, but exempt publicly listed firms, state-owned enterprises, and companies undergoing bankruptcy liquidation. 

The release said companies must disclose beneficial ownership details upon registration and confirm their accuracy annually. Existing firms have until their next annual data confirmation deadline to comply. 

Businesses are required to maintain a dedicated register of beneficial ownership data and provide updates to the Ministry of Commerce. Access to this information will be restricted to regulatory and competent authorities under strict confidentiality provisions. 

The ministry added that non-compliance could result in penalties of up to SR500,000 ($133,000) or other sanctions under the Companies Law. 

The move is part of Saudi Arabia’s broader push to strengthen corporate governance and align with international anti-money laundering and financial crime prevention standards.