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JUBA: South Sudan’s opposition said Tuesday that several key political figures had been arrested, a day after one of its army bases was bombed as international concern mounts over the risk of a return to civil war.
Clashes between forces allied to President Salva Kiir and his long-time rival, First Vice President Riek Machar, have threatened a fragile power-sharing agreement from 2018.
The renewed insecurity in the world’s youngest nation has prompted concerns from regional partners, with Uganda — which has a long history of intervening in South Sudan — deploying troops to the capital Juba this month.
Uganda’s involvement was condemned by Machar’s party, the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement-in-Opposition (SPLM-IO), which said it was a breach of a United Nations arms embargo.
The SPLM-IO said its military cantonment at Wunaliet, around 15 kilometers (nine miles) from Juba, was attacked on Monday.
“This provocative action is a violation of the (2018 peace agreement),” a spokesperson said in a statement.
Lul Ruai Koang, spokesman for the Kiir-aligned army, earlier warned that Machar’s forces in the area were “scaling up their movements” and had sent out a patrol toward army positions “clearly in military formation.”
The army was yet to confirm the later strikes, but local media reported that it consisted of “heavy shelling.”
South Sudan gained independence in 2011 and soon after fell into a five-year civil war between Kiir and Machar that killed some 400,000 people until a peace deal in 2018 brought them into a unity government.
Analysts say Kiir has been taking steps in recent months to sideline Machar, promoting new members to the cabinet without consultation as the 73-year-old prepares his succession.
On Tuesday, the SPLM-IO said four of its officials had been arrested, including the minister for animal resources and fisheries, Gai Magok.
“Their arbitrary detention is considered part of a broader crackdown” on the party, it said in a statement.
At least 22 political and military officials had already been detained since February, the party has said, many held incommunicado.
Machar’s SPLM-IO said the presence of Ugandan forces was a “grave violation” of the peace agreement.
“The Ugandan military entered South Sudan fully equipped with armored and air-force units in violation of the UN Security Council resolution,” the SPLM-IO said, referencing the arms embargo that is in place until at least May this year.
The statement, issued over the weekend but publicized on Monday, claimed Ugandan forces were “currently taking part in air strikes against civilians” in Upper Nile and Jonglei states.
Ugandan army chief Muhoozi Kainerugaba, known for his unfiltered posting on X, warned Tuesday that the SPLM-IO’s military wing were “about to be annihilated.”
“Our airforce is doing a great job of destroying them,” he posted, saying they should surrender “to me as soon as possible.”
“Otherwise, not even a rat will survive in Nuer country,” he added.
The focus of recent clashes has been Nasir County in the northeastern Upper Nile State.
A loose band of armed youth known as the White Army, allied to Machar, overran a military base in Nasir in early March.
The army responded with aerial strikes in nearby areas, including the use of bombs containing a highly flammable liquid that acts as an accelerant upon explosion, according to a statement Monday by Nicholas Haysom, head of the UN Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS).
“These indiscriminate attacks on civilians are causing significant casualties and horrific injuries, especially burns,” Haysom said, adding that an estimated 63,000 people have been displaced.
Kiir replaced the Machar-allied governor of Upper Nile State with one of his own allies last week.
The UN envoy said the country was “teetering on the edge of a relapse into civil war.”
On Monday, the United States State Department said Kiir and Machar “must engage in direct dialogue to curb escalating violence in South Sudan.”
“Non-state militia attacks, govt-backed airstrikes, and promotion of sanctioned officials to high office are deeply concerning,” it said in a statement on X.

UNITED NATIONS: South Sudan is teetering on the edge of renewed civil war, the top UN official in the world’s youngest nation warned on Monday, lamenting the government’s sudden postponement of the latest peace effort.
Calling the situation unfolding in the country “dire,” Nicholas Haysom said international efforts to broker a peaceful solution can only succeed if President Salva Kiir and his rival-turned-vice president, Riek Machar, are willing to engage “and put the interests of their people ahead of their own.”
There were high hopes when oil-rich South Sudan gained independence from Sudan in 2011 after a long conflict. But the country slid into a civil war in December 2013 largely based on ethnic divisions when forces loyal to Kiir, an ethnic Dinka, battled those loyal to Machar, an ethnic Nuer.
More than 400,000 people were killed in the war, which ended with a 2018 peace agreement that brought Kiir and Machar together in a government of national unity. Under the agreement, elections were supposed to be held in February 2023, but they were postponed until December 2024 — and again until 2026.
The latest tensions stem from fighting in the country’s north between government troops and a rebel militia, known as the White Army, which is widely believed to be allied with Machar.
Earlier this month, a South Sudanese general was among several people killed when a United Nations helicopter on a mission to evacuate government troops from the town of Nasir, the scene of the fighting in Upper Nile state, came under fire. Days earlier on March 4, the White Army overran the military garrison in Nasir and government troops responded by surrounding Machar’s home in the capital, Juba, and arresting several of his key allies.
Haysom said tensions and violence were escalating “particularly as we grow closer to elections and as political competition increases, sharpens between the principal players.”
He said Kiir and Machar don’t trust each other enough to display the leadership needed to implement the 2018 peace deal and move to a future that would see a stable and democratic South Sudan.
“Rampant misinformation, disinformation and hate speech is also ratcheting up tensions and driving ethnic divisions, and fear,” Haysom said.
“Given this grim situation,” he said, “we are left with no other conclusion but to assess that South Sudan is teetering on the edge of a relapse into civil war.”
Haysom, who heads the nearly 18,000-member UN peacekeeping mission in South Sudan, warned that a relapse into open war would lead to the same horrors that ravaged the country, especially in 2013 and 2016.
He said the UN takes the threat of the “ethnic transformation” of the conflict very seriously.
To try to prevent a new civil war, the UN special envoy said the peacekeeping mission is engaging in intense shuttle diplomacy with international and regional partners, including the African Union.
Haysom said the collective message of the regional and international community is for Kiir and Machar to meet to resolve their differences, return to the 2018 peace deal, adhere to the ceasefire, release detained officials and resolve tensions “through dialogue rather than military confrontation.”