Migrants to Pakistan recount displays of violence, interfaith harmony during India’s partition

People migrating to a new homeland after the violent partition of India in 1947. (Photo courtesy: Getty Images)
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Updated 14 August 2024
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Migrants to Pakistan recount displays of violence, interfaith harmony during India’s partition

  • Britain carving out new nations by splitting United India into two triggered mass sectarian migration in both directions
  • About 15 million people changed countries, mainly based on religion, and more than a million were killed in religious riots 

KARACHI: Muhammad Afzal was petrified as he watched his house burn to the ground in the Karol Bagh neighborhood of Delhi, the capital of present-day India.

Six years old at the time, Afzal and his family quickly piled into a tonga arranged by a Sikh member of staff to escort them to safety as riots broke out ahead of the partition of the Indian Subcontinent on August 14, 1947.

Britain’s carving out new nations by splitting United India into two as its empire ebbed after World War Two triggered mass sectarian migration in both directions, marred by bloodshed and violence on both sides. About 15 million people changed countries, mainly based on religion, and more than a million were killed in religious riots in the 1947 partition, according to independent estimates.

Afzal, now an 83-year-old businessman in Karachi, is still haunted by the violence, and recalled that the tonga was barely 50 yards away when the rioters entered his family’s house.




Muhammad Afzal, an 83-year-old businessman, speaks during an interview with Arab News in Karachi on August 12, 2024. (AN Photo)

“It was a matter of just a few moments, otherwise who knows what would have happened to us,” Afzal told Arab News, remembering the day his family started their journey for Pakistan. “We only managed to grab one box, I don’t know what was inside it.”

The Sikh staff member dropped the the family to a fort-like building in Delhi where hundreds of others who had chosen to leave India for Pakistan were staying.

“There was no drinking water, no washroom, and no food. After two or three days, they gave us boiled chickpeas,” he said. “We somehow passed those days.”

The family’s next stop was the Palam airport in Delhi, where they took shelter for two days under the wings of a plane on the tarmac.

“My father was in the armed forces, on the civilian side. [He] was not allowed to come with us. My sister, I, my mother, uncle and grandmother were put on the plane,” Afzal said. 

“On the plane, we were given cooked chickpeas to eat. My brother and I were ... so excited eating those because the hunger from the camp was still fresh.”

Afzal and his family landed in Karachi where they were taken to a refugee camp. His father joined the family a few days later, bringing along fresh stories of horror that unfolded on his way to Lahore from Delhi via train.

“According to him, he [father] drank stagnant, dirty water along the way. He was sitting on top of the compartment on a train and saw people being killed all around him,” the octogenarian said. “But as Allah would have it, no one could harm him, and somehow, the train reached Lahore.”

Muhammad Khizar Farooqui, a 91-year-old retired government official, had his own stories to share of the partition, when he choose to stay back in his hometown of Banaras in India’s Uttar Pradesh state, eventually joining his relatives in Karachi in 1954.

While the worst of the violence had subsided by then, the fear of communal clashes persisted for years after 1947, finally convincing Farooqui to migrate to Pakistan in 1954 as his parents and sister stayed behind. He returned to Banaras after his father’s death in 1964 to bring his mother and sister to Pakistan, and sold his house there.

Speaking to Arab News, Farooqui said more than the violence, he remembered the small kindnesses of his Hindu and Sikh friends and neighbors. One Hindu neighbor urged him not to sell all his property in Banaras with the hope that he would return one day. 

Farooqui said he regretted not taking the advice.

“He [Hindu neighbor] said this with so much kindness when I was signing the papers in the registrar’s office [for the transfer of property in Banaras], it felt like the ground was slipping from underneath my feet,” he remembered. “I realized he was right. Now I couldn’t go back.”

Afzal too regrets not ever having been able to return to Delhi, largely because of his father’s job in the army. 

“When I see pictures and videos brought back by some of our relatives who went there [Delhi], I feel happy seeing them. I know that the Hindus in the area where we lived were not hostile to us at all. In fact, they were very polite and so were the Sikhs there,” he said. 

“It was the Sikhs and Hindus who saved us.”


Pakistan Taliban attack kills four paramilitary troops, police say

Updated 5 sec ago
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Pakistan Taliban attack kills four paramilitary troops, police say

  • The attack occurred in Kurram district, located on the border with Afghanistan, in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province
  • Pakistani Taliban militants are most active in Pakistan’s northwestern region and regularly target security forces

PESHAWAR: At least four Pakistani paramilitary troops were killed when local Taliban fighters attacked a security checkpoint in a northwestern border region, a police official said on Sunday.
The attack occurred in Kurram district, located on the border with Afghanistan, in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, where there has been a rise in violence in recent years.
“Heavily armed militants” launched the attack on Sunday morning, a police official told AFP on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to speak to the media.
“At least four security personnel were martyred, and seven others were injured,” he said.
Violence has increased in Pakistan since the Afghan Taliban returned to power in Kabul in August 2021.
The Pakistani Taliban — known as Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) — is the most active militant group in the northwestern region and regularly targets security forces.
Islamabad accuses Kabul’s rulers of failing to root out militants sheltering on Afghan soil as they prepare to stage assaults on Pakistan, a charge the Taliban government denies.
Last week, 13 civilians and five soldiers were killed when suicide bombers drove two car bombs into an army compound in the Bannu district of the same province.
Last year was the deadliest in a decade for Pakistan, home to 250 million people, with a surge in attacks that killed more than 1,600 people, according to the Center for Research and Security Studies, an Islamabad-based analysis group.


Women investors await Pakistan-IMF talk results to decide on stock investments

Updated 09 March 2025
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Women investors await Pakistan-IMF talk results to decide on stock investments

  • IMF has sent a team of experts to see if the South Asian nation is complying with the conditions it has set under the $7 billon program
  • A successful review will not only lead to the release of about $1 billion to cash-strapped Pakistan, but also open new avenues for investors

KARACHI: Woman investors in Pakistan are “cautiously” looking at the country’s ongoing talks with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and will buy more shares in companies listed on the bourse, if the negotiations succeed.
Woman investors in Pakistan’s commercial capital of Karachi hope that Islamabad’s negotiations with the global lender for a review of its $7 billion program would end on a positive note, thus allowing the market sentiments to boost.
The Washington-based lender has sent a team of experts, led by Nathan Porter, to see if the South Asian nation is complying with the conditions it has set under its reforms-oriented extended fund facility (EFF).
A successful review would not only lead to the release of about $1 billion to cash-strapped Pakistan, but also open new avenues for investors who have been buying and selling company shares at the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX).
“I will be putting more money into the stock market for sure and I would be advising my clients to do the same,” said Saniya Bilal Doni, a 33-year-old CFA charter holder who has been actively investing in Pakistan’s stocks, real estate and gold markets for the last four years.
The mother of two holds a finance degree from the University of Toronto and prefers to make long-term, dividend-based investments in what she called “well performing” banking, real estate, fertilizers and technology stocks that make her portfolio keep growing. Doni though did not quote any numbers to show how big her investment portfolio is.
Having worked for various asset management funds in Canada and Abu Dhabi after completing her graduation in 2013, Doni now is managing her family’s portfolio as well as advising high net-worth individuals on how they should manage their investment portfolios.
She expects more money to come into Pakistan’s economy as a result of a successful IMF review that would help the stocks market increase more.
“All the stocks should technically go up. Yes, that has an impact because as an economy we are unfortunately dependent on IMF’s funding,” she said.
“I am paying attention to all of that, especially as I, you know, make changes to the portfolio, if any, and also if I advise clients.”
Inflation-hit Pakistan has about 350,000 registered individuals who invest in stocks, according to Najeeb Ahmed Khan Warsi, head of online trading at Foundation Securities Ltd.
This number looks dismal given the fact that Pakistan is the world’s fifth most populous nation, with more than 240 million people. The number of woman investors at 5 percent is even negligible.
Like others, these woman investors are also concerned about the outcome of Pakistan’s talks with the IMF, which usually take a couple of weeks to conclude.
“As an investor I am very cautious at the moment. I am holding on to my stocks. I am holding on to my investments. I am very careful with that,” said Isra Ghous Rasool, a 22-year-old business management student who bought some Shariah-complaint stocks a year and half ago to prove that women too can invest in stocks.
Pakistan’s central bank has almost halved the interest rates to 12 percent since June last year and made the booming stocks market an attractive place for investors like Doni and Rasool. The stock gauge KSE-100 Index almost doubled last year and gained 87 percent in US dollars terms to make Pakistan one of the world’s best performing markets.
Women like Doni and Rasool think that being investors makes them financially independent and empowered enough to have more control over their finances and choices without depending on their male relatives.
“I have a better relationship with money. I am able to dictate what I want in life and be able to actually pay for it,” said Doni, who sees another rate cut coming on March 10 when Pakistan’s central bank is scheduled to revise the borrowing rate.
“I am definitely looking for more opportunities in the stock market.”
Doni thinks investments help people hedge inflation which though now has eased to a single digit, but was seen peaking to 38 percent in May 2023.
Despite such good examples, Pakistan remains a male-dominated society where women tend to stay away from financial markets and use traditional saving methods like running committees.
Maham Alavi, a 40-year-old Pakistani brand manager, is running an all-women group of investors on Facebook from the Saudi capital Riyadh for the past decade.
Her Facebook group, Women Investment Forum, has now expanded to 15,000 members, about half of them being confident investors or analysts working in different fields in and outside Pakistan.
Alavi herself vets all the Facebook profiles to avoid an online scam.
“I started this group in Sep 2016 with the intent to learn myself and gather as many women as I could because the PSX had always been a male-dominated field in Pakistan,” she told Arab News from Riyadh.
Women Investment Forum is an educational group and does not tell its members where to invest or what to buy.
“That is their decision to make. We try to empower them so they can make decisions themselves,” said Alavi, a mother of two.
Pakistan’s stock exchange also organizes workshops and awareness sessions to promote financial literacy among women that makes them financially independent. One such event is being organized by the PSX on March 10 in Karachi to celebrate the International Women’s Day.
Both Doni and Rasool are equally critical of the prevailing political uncertainty in the country that by and large keeps investor sentiments dampened in Pakistan.
Pakistan is facing a political crisis since April 2022, when prime minister Imran Khan was ousted from power through a parliamentary no-trust vote. Khan remains in jail and his Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf party keeps agitating on roads across Pakistan demanding the release of its political prisoners, including Khan.
“Political noise does play a huge role and whenever I’m trying to, you know, encourage, overseas Pakistanis to invest into Pakistani stock market or, you know, real estate, this is their number one concern,” said Doni, while sitting in her home office in Karachi’s Clifton area.
Rasool said political uncertainty has a huge impact on stock fundamentals. Recalling how the stock market had reacted to the arrest of Khan, she said a lot of stocks were oversold and a lot of investors had opted for selling their holdings in panic.
In their Women’s Day message, Alavi, Doni and Rasool said women, who make up half of Pakistan’s total population, should at least start learning about making investments in stocks for long-term gains.
“The IMF guys are right now in the country, so things are on the upward trajectory. If you’re still on the fence, on the sidelines, at least equip yourself with the right knowledge,” Doni urged.


In Pakistan’s capital, hundreds of women march to demand equality 

Updated 09 March 2025
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In Pakistan’s capital, hundreds of women march to demand equality 

  • Women, politicians and activists take part in annual march on International Women’s Day in Islamabad
  • Women carry placards, shout slogans to demand end to gender-based violence at Islamabad press club 

ISLAMABAD: Hundreds of women carrying placards and shouting slogans for equality took to the streets of Pakistan’s capital on Saturday afternoon, demanding an end to gender-based violence and sexual harassment in the South Asian country. 

The Aurat March — Urdu for “women’s march” — began in 2018 as a single march for International Women’s Day held in Pakistan’s southern port city of Karachi. However, it has become an annual event held in multiple cities. 

The marches have faced opposition from religious conservatives who allege the group receives Western funding as part of a plot to promote obscenity in Pakistan. The organizers deny this, saying the marches are locally funded with grassroots participation and focus on equal rights and opportunities for women. 

This year’s march by the Islamabad chapter of the Aurat March was organized under the theme: “Feminist Politics vs Patriarchal State.” Aurat March said this year’s protest aimed to confront an oppressive state that seeks to silence women, minorities and transgenders. Hundreds of men and women, including activists and people from all walks of life, gathered at the National Press Club on Saturday to register their protest. 

“The main reason for celebrating this day (Mar. 8) has always been that we resolve to continue our struggle,” Ismat Raza Shahjahan, a leader of the left-wing Awami Workers Party, told Arab News. 

“And at the same time we will defend the rights we have secured and move forward with the agenda of gender equality.”

Women activists of 'Aurat March' group hold a banner during a demonstration to mark the International Women's Day in Islamabad on March 8, 2025. (AFP)

Shaheena Kausar, one of the march’s organizers, criticized police for stopping the Aurat March from marching beyond a few miles from the National Press Club. She regretted the authorities’ decision to not grant permission to Aurat March to hold its gathering beyond the press club. 

“This time as well we had applied in advance and also went for meetings [for a no-objection certificate] but we were not given the NOC,” Kausar told Arab News. 

“You can see, they stopped us a few meters after we marched.”

When asked why the Islamabad chapter of the Aurat March had held its gathering on Mar. 8 despite it being the month of Ramadan, in which Muslims fast from dawn till dusk, Kausar said:

“If the injustices against women are not stopping in Ramadan, then how can the march be stopped?”

A woman activist of 'Aurat March' group holds a banner during a demonstration to mark the International Women's Day in Islamabad on March 8, 2025. (AN Photo)

In Pakistan, just 21 percent of women are in the workforce and less than 20 percent of girls in rural areas are enrolled in secondary school, according to the United Nations. Only 12 women were directly elected to parliament out of 266 seats in last year’s election.

Much of Pakistani society operates under a strict code of “honor,” with women beholden to their male relatives over choices around education, employment and who they can marry. Hundreds of women are killed by men in Pakistan every year for allegedly breaching this code.

Moin, an Islamabad resident and a father of three daughters, said he has been coming to the Aurat March’s annual event ever since it started to demand equal rights for women. 

“Why do I come? Well, to change the country, to sort of give a voice to help women and girls to work shoulder-to-shoulder with men,” Moin told Arab News. 

“Otherwise, we don’t have a future.”

A man holds a banner during a demonstration to mark the International Women's Day in Islamabad on March 8, 2025. (AN Photo)

 


Six of a family killed, four injured in roof collapse in Pakistan’s Karachi

Updated 09 March 2025
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Six of a family killed, four injured in roof collapse in Pakistan’s Karachi

  • Authorities are investigating reason for roof collapse, says state-run media 
  • Dead include women and children, Injured persons shifted to nearby hospital

ISLAMABAD: At least six members of a family were killed while four others were injured during the wee hours of Sunday when the roof of a house in Pakistan’s Karachi city collapsed, state-run media reported. 

The incident took place in Karachi’s Gulshan-e-Maymar area at the Afghan Camp colony. Among the six dead were also women and children, the state-run Associated Press of Pakistan (APP) said. 

The family living in the house was originally from the northwestern district of Bannu in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), APP reported. 

“Authorities have launched an investigation into the incident to determine its cause,” APP said. “Rescue sources shifted the injured to a nearby hospital for immediate medical attention.”

Roof collapses, especially during extreme weather conditions, are common in Pakistan. Thousands of makeshift houses built using scrap or locally available materials such as corrugated metal sheets, wood, plastic, mud and cardboard are more susceptible to collapses. 

These homes are typically found in informal settlements, slums and squatter areas. 


Pakistan, Bangladesh resolve to strengthen ties and trade cooperation during OIC meeting

Updated 09 March 2025
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Pakistan, Bangladesh resolve to strengthen ties and trade cooperation during OIC meeting

  • Pakistan’s Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar meets Touhid Hossain, Bangladesh’s adviser on foreign affairs, in Jeddah 
  • Once bitter foes, ties between both countries improved after fall of Sheikh Hasina’s government last year

ISLAMABAD: The governments of Pakistan and Bangladesh this week expressed satisfaction at the upward trajectory of ties between the two nations, resolving to enhance bilateral cooperation in trade and other sectors during a meeting between their senior officials, state-run media reported. 

After decades of strained ties between the two nations, Islamabad and Dhaka have warmed up to each other after the fall of former prime minister Sheikh Hasina’s government last year. 

The meeting between Pakistan’s Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar and Bangladesh’s Adviser for Foreign Affairs Md. Touhid Hossain took place in Jeddah during the sidelines of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Council of Foreign Ministers summit. 

“The meeting took place in a cordial environment, reflecting the fraternal sentiments from both sides,” state broadcaster Radio Pakistan reported on Saturday. 

“Both the dignitaries expressed satisfaction over the upward trajectory of bilateral relations,” it added. “They agreed to enhance bilateral cooperation in all areas of mutual interest.”

Dar highlighted the two countries’ historical, religious, and cultural linkages, expressing Pakistan’s desire to enhance bilateral cooperation in areas of trade and people-to-people contacts, Radio Pakistan said. 

Established together as one independent nation in 1947, Bangladesh won liberation from then-West Pakistan in 1971. Relations between the two countries continued to deteriorate Hasina’s administration, which prosecuted several members of the Jamaat-e-Islami (JI) party for war crimes relating to the 1971 conflict.

However, relations between Pakistan and Bangladesh have improved since Hasina was ousted in a bloody student-led protest in August 2024. Islamabad’s ties with Dhaka have also improved as Bangladesh’s relations with India, where Hasina has sought refuge, have deteriorated.

Last month, Bangladesh confirmed it was resuming direct trade with Pakistan after 50 years. The country’s food ministry said it would receive 50,000 tons of rice from Pakistan in March.