RIYADH: Conflict-hit Middle Eastern countries have suffered severe economic shocks, with output losses surpassing 60 percent of gross domestic product in some cases, a senior International Monetary Fund official said. 

Speaking at an event on Global and Regional Economic Developments and Outlook in Riyadh, Jihad Azour, director of the IMF’s Middle East and Central Asia Department, identified Lebanon, Syria, the West Bank, and Gaza as among the most affected.  

The ongoing conflicts have severely disrupted economic activities, infrastructure, and trade in these areas, leading to deep recessions and humanitarian challenges that have compounded the economic fallout.

“Those countries over the last few years have been subjected to a lot of suffering, with a strong negative economic impact, with loss of outputs that could exceed 50 or 60 percent of GDP,” Azour said. 

He noted that the ripple effects of these conflicts have extended beyond their immediate borders, saying: “Those conflicts did not only affect countries who were subjected … but also had an impact on the neighborhood.”  

According to Azour, Egypt lost around $7 billion in Suez Canal revenues in under a year, largely due to disruptions in maritime trade routes. Meanwhile, Jordan saw a drop in tourism revenue, a sector crucial to its economic output and employment. 

The director highlighted that global trade tensions are another major contributor to economic uncertainty, citing the sharp increase in tariffs. 

“The rise in tariffs was extremely high. Went from something, for example, for the US — then less than 5 percent — to a peak of 30 percent. This is a big change in such a short period of time,” he said.   

He emphasized that rapid developments, whether geopolitical or economic, are defining today’s global landscape, making it increasingly difficult for nations to maintain consistent projections.   

“We are at a moment where history is accelerated and developments are shaped very quickly,” he said.   

In contrast to the turmoil facing some countries, Azour highlighted the relative stability and resilience of the Gulf Cooperation Council economies.   

Reflecting on the region’s evolving economic landscape, Azour said that diversification efforts have helped GCC nations weather global uncertainty.   

“GCC economies have benefited from the effort of diversification to maintain a level of growth that could withstand any volatility in oil prices or any cut in oil production,” he said.   

He continued: “Over the last three to four years, we had a sustainable level of growth around 3 to 4 percent, 5 percent in certain cases. Thanks to the reforms and to the acceleration of transformation, this has helped GCC countries to maintain a high level of growth, despite the fact that the agreement under the OPEC+ has been extended several times.”   

Looking ahead, the IMF official expressed cautious optimism, suggesting that despite the current uncertain environment, the economic outlook across the region remains positive, particularly for oil-exporting nations. 

“Let me first say that we expect, despite this maybe foggy background, we expect economies to recover this year across the board, in most of the countries in the region, yet the pickup of growth is going to be stronger in the oil-exporting countries, in particular in GCC, where we expect it also to increase by 1 percent this year and another 1 percent in 2026,” he said. 

According to Azour, the anticipated recovery is largely fueled by strong performance and a stable contribution from non-oil sectors across the Gulf, driven by long-term diversification efforts. 

He also offered a more hopeful outlook for countries affected by conflict, noting signs of stabilization and early recovery. 

“We expect the post-conflict countries to preserve a certain level of growth this year and for some to start recovering,” he said. 

Azour added: “The good news is inflation is still under control in most of the countries except a few where the level of inflation is still at double-digit, but for most of the countries, it’s already now getting closer to their objective set in their monetary policy.” 

In a region facing mounting challenges, the IMF’s outlook underscores that reform, stability, and smart investment aren’t just options — they’re imperatives for resilience. 

JEDDAH: Saudi Arabia’s King Khalid International Airport recorded the highest on-time departure rate among the Kingdom’s international airports in April, achieving 90 percent punctuality, official data showed.  

According to the monthly report published by the General Authority of Civil Aviation, the Riyadh-based hub outperformed larger airports such as Jeddah’s King Abdulaziz International, the Saudi Press Agency reported. 

The report comes as Saudi Arabia continues to push operational upgrades under its National Aviation Strategy, part of the broader Vision 2030 plan to position the Kingdom as a regional air transit hub. 

“The report issued in April 2025 indicated that King Khalid International Airport in Riyadh, King Fahd International Airport in Dammam, Abha International Airport, Neom International Airport, Turaif Airport, and Wadi Al-Dawasir Airport topped the advanced positions in the report,” the SPA report stated. 

The rankings are based on data compiled by Matarat Holding Co. and exclude canceled flights. Performance is measured by flights departing or arriving within 15 minutes of their scheduled times. 

In the category of international airports handling more than 15 million passengers annually, the Jeddah-based King Abdulaziz International Airport recorded a punctuality rate of 78 percent, according to the study.  

For international airports serving between 5 million and 15 million passengers annually, King Fahd International Airport in Dammam secured the highest ranking with an on-time performance of 87 percent. Prince Mohammad bin Abdulaziz International Airport in Madinah, which also falls under this category, recorded a 72 percent rate. 

In the segment of international airports accommodating between 2 million and 5 million passengers annually, Abha International Airport posted the highest punctuality rate at 91 percent. This was followed by King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Airport in Jizan with 90 percent, and Tabuk Airport with 82 percent. 

NEOM Bay International Airport led among international airports with fewer than 2 million passengers annually, achieving a 95 percent on-time departure rate. Other strong performers in this category included Al-Ahsa International Airport at 93 percent and Najran Airport at 89 percent. 

Turaif and Wadi Al-Dawasir airports recorded perfect performance among domestic flight hubs, achieving 100 percent on-time departures. King Saud bin Abdulaziz Airport in Al-Baha followed closely with 99 percent, while Bisha Airport posted 94 percent. 

At the airline level, national flag carrier Saudia reported an 89 percent on-time rate for arrivals and departures. Meanwhile, flynas achieved 86 percent for arrivals and 91 percent for departures, while flyadeal recorded 87 percent and 91 percent, respectively. 

Regarding specific flight routes, the Riyadh–Abha domestic passage maintained a strong on-time departure rate of 96 percent. Other high-performing domestic routes included Riyadh–Tabuk and Riyadh–Dammam, both at 96 percent, while the Jizan–Riyadh route sustained its previous month’s rate of 95 percent. 

Internationally, the Riyadh–Amman route recorded the highest on-time performance at 97 percent, followed by Riyadh–Bahrain at 94 percent, Riyadh–Dubai at 93 percent, and Riyadh–Kuwait at 92 percent. The Jeddah–Amman route also achieved a 94 percent punctuality rate.