Economic fallout of coronavirus: How will Pakistan cope?
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2020 was meant to be the year the global economy sailed through in the run up to the US presidential vote later in November. The grounds for complacency were kindled with the soothing of US-China trade woes, a fiscal stimulus package in Japan, and an improved outlook for Europe. But by early March, the spread of novel coronavirus (or Covid-19) and subsequent activity-stifling plans to curtail its transmission compelled forecasts to be slashed.
The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) cut its global GDP growth estimates from 2.9 percent to 2.4 percent for 2020, and cautioned that the surge of the virus pandemic could halve expected growth to 1.5 percent. Similarly, Bloomberg Economics has warned that the full-year GDP growth could tumble to zero in a worst-case plague situation.
With well over 1,000,000 confirmed infections and over 75,000 deaths to date, the virus outbreak has disrupted everyday life for billions around the world. For many low-income countries without a margin of economic safety, survival through this mind boggling calamity will entail unparalleled compassion coupled with swift and synchronized measures from multilateral institutes and developed nations.
The deadly virus brings with it the fastest and deepest economic shock in history and sparks a discourse on another global recession. In many emerging market economies like Pakistan, the lethal virus may not have taken its peal yet vis-à-vis harrowing records of numbers infected and fatalities, but the financial explosion has already preceded the full onset of the pandemic.
The Pakistani Stock Market’s benchmark KSE-100 Index has plunged by over 25 percent in March, and the rupee by over 6 percent. With a population of nearly 220 million people seriously at risk from a looming health disaster in an already constrained fiscal space, Pakistan’s regional and national administrations have strived to tackle the challenge with scrupulous attention to relieve the suffering of the most vulnerable sections of society and the business community.
In many emerging market economies like Pakistan, the lethal virus may not have taken its peal yet vis-à-vis harrowing records of numbers infected and fatalities, but the financial explosion has already preceded the full onset of the pandemic.
Hammad Zamurrad
The central government has declared an extensive Economic Relief and Stimulus package of Rs1.25 trillion (or some $7 billion) that aims to support low-income families, food security, small and medium sized businesses, agriculture and exports. Under the program, cash stipends will be delivered to around 10 million weak and deserving households worth Rs150 billion, and relief to daily wage workers to the tune of Rs200 billion.
Equally, the State Bank of Pakistan has approved a set of actions worth Rs5 billion to aid medical centers and hospitals for the procurement of apparatus to handle coronavirus. It has also cut the policy rate twice by a cumulative 225 basis points to 11 percent in March to allow breathing space for businesses facing cash-flow glitches. In addition, the government has pronounced support funds of Rs100 billion in tax refunds and a further Rs100 billion in deferred interest payments for businesses.
Although provincial governments have also initiated to prepare their own financial packages to deal with the economic effects of the crisis, all this befalls at a time when Pakistan’s financial ability to bear the costs of the epidemic is severely limited. With depleting exports and dwindling inbound remittances, the equation for foreign exchange reserves and balance of payments is now under immense stress.
In such milieu, the Keynesian prescription of a strong fiscal stimulus appears to be scarce for stimulating recovery or averting a broader economic crash. This means that the country will need some form of debt repayment reprieve, and require further monetary back-up from the developed world and multilateral institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank.
While adhering to the rigid terms enacted by the IMF’s Extended Fund Facility, Pakistan has already encountered formidable macroeconomic challenges. The strict social distancing measures and severe government lockdowns to limit the pandemic have further exacerbated already tense economic activity, which in turn has condensed people’s income and taxes. Hence, it will be sensible for Pakistan to request that certain harsh targets, such as the obligation to considerably magnify tax revenues to narrow fiscal imbalances, are adjourned until the global economy returns to normalcy.
Among world leaders, Prime Minister Imran Khan has spearheaded the call for a moratorium on debt repayments in the wake of the global calamity. As other leaders from developing nations and international organizations have echoed this plea, the IMF and World Bank cannot unilaterally restructure the debts and have to look toward G20 members for the final verdict. Nonetheless, the Pakistani government has engaged in ongoing talks for monetary assistance with the IMF, and the fund has conveyed its support for considering the request.
Desperate times call for desperate measures. Uncertainty remains part of the backdrop for the foreseeable future. Now is the time for all stakeholders to come together and employ coherent, coordinated, credible strategy actions to mitigate the economic fallouts and protect the most vulnerable in our societies from what is already and sadly a social catastrophe.
*The writer is a London based Chartered Accountant with Masters degrees in International Political Economy from King’s College London and International Relations at University of Surrey. Tweets @hammadzamurrad
