Energy transition toward renewables ‘unstoppable,’ but fossil fuels ‘cannot shut down in a day,’ says IRENA chief Francesco La Camera

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Updated 12 March 2023
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Energy transition toward renewables ‘unstoppable,’ but fossil fuels ‘cannot shut down in a day,’ says IRENA chief Francesco La Camera

  • International Renewable Energy Agency director-general says COP28 summit in the UAE “will be historic”
  • La Camera has “no doubts about the ambition of Saudi Arabia” becoming a leading green hydrogen exporter

DUBAI: For the world to transition to green energy without disrupting existing supply lines, divestment from fossil fuels must be a gradual process, Francesco La Camera, director-general of the International Renewable Energy Agency, told Arab News.

“We have to understand that the old system, the one that is centralized and based on fossil fuels, cannot shut down in a day,” La Camera told Katie Jensen, host of the Arab News program “Frankly Speaking.”

“There will be a slow decline of oil and gas. And to maintain a smooth decline of oil and gas, we need some investment again in oil and gas. If not, there will be a disruption.”

A steady transition away from fossil fuels toward solar, wind, hydro, geothermal and other renewables would help maintain a stable supply for the industrialized world, while also meeting the energy demands of developing nations, he added.

“Everything should be balanced. We have to understand that we have a demand for energy that is needed for development. And this demand will be increasing, especially in Africa and Southeast Asia.”




Frankly Speaking host Katie jensen, left, interviewing Francesco La Camera, director-general of the International Renewable Energy Agency.

IRENA is an intergovernmental agency for energy transformation, supporting countries in their energy transitions and providing data and analyses on technology, innovation, policy, finance and investment.

La Camera, who has served as the agency’s director-general since April 2019, has helped forge a series of strategic partnerships with UN organizations, including UNDP, UNFCCC and the Green Climate Fund, to implement a more action-oriented approach.

However, the Italian diplomat is realistic in his expectations of the pace of the energy transition, especially in the context of the war in Ukraine, which has led to a spike in world energy prices, pushing several nations to readopt cheaper but dirtier alternatives like coal.

Environmentalists have accused developed nations of hypocrisy following recent moves in Europe and the UK to reopen coal mines, at a time when most countries are phasing out fossil fuels.

“In the very short term, to avoid collapses and disruption in the energy supply, countries are trying to do what is possible,” said La Camera. “In some cases, this has been reactivating coal mines, but they are not investing in new coal mines. At least we are not aware of that.”

However, La Camera believes these are only short-term measures, implemented in response to rising energy costs caused by Western sanctions on Russian oil and gas. The long-term trajectory toward green renewables, he says, is “unstoppable.”

He said: “We have to understand that we are living in the time of the Ukrainian crisis and countries have to respond to the lack of the gas coming from Russia. We have to always distinguish between the very short term and the medium to long term.

“In the short term, countries are trying to do what they can to not deprive their own public of the heating and cooling that is needed … they’re trying to find remedies to the shortage of Russian gas. But their policies in the medium to long term are very clear. We are not going backward.

“The last year has been a record year for investment in renewables. We have broken new records in the new installing capacity of renewables. We now have 81 percent of the new installing capacity of renewables.

“This process is unstoppable. The only question that we have now is not the direction of travel — that is clear and nothing can change it. The question is the speed and the scale of this transformation, because it is not at a pace that can achieve the Paris Agreement goals and the UN Sustainable Development Goals.”

The Paris Agreement is an international climate treaty adopted in 2015, covering climate change mitigation, adaptation and finance. The agreement’s overarching goal is to hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius.

“We are not in line with the Paris Agreement goals,” said La Camera. “We say very clearly that we need, this decade, $57 trillion in investment in the energy transition. We are not there at all. We say that we need to triple our installing capacity of renewables by 2030, and this is not happening.

“Where does this money come from? We have a clear idea on that. There is a lot of liquidity in the market. The question is our point of view that today there are not the right policies in place to activate the demand, for example, for green hydrogen.

“And there is not yet enough focus on the infrastructure needed to sustain the building of the new energy system. And when we talk about the infrastructure, we talk about the physical, the legal and the institutional capacity and professional skill careers.”

Saudi Arabia has pledged to achieve net-zero emissions by 2060. It has undertaken $1 billion in climate change initiatives as part of the Saudi Green Initiative, which seeks to establish a regional carbon capture and storage center, an early storm warning center and cloud seeding programs as part of its efforts to create a greener future.

Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman said the Kingdom will plant 450 million trees and rehabilitate 8 million hectares of degraded lands by 2030, reducing 200 million tons of carbon emissions with additional initiatives to be announced in the years to come.

Saudi Arabia has also announced its ambition to generate 50 percent of its electricity from renewables by 2030, with the remaining 50 percent coming from natural gas.

It has launched several major renewable energy projects, taking advantage of its natural potential in solar and wind, including the Sakaka solar power plant, the first utility-scale solar power project in Saudi Arabia, and Dumat Al-Jandal, its first utility-scale wind project.

Furthermore, the Kingdom aims to become the world’s leading hydrogen producer and exporter. Saudi Aramco and SABIC, in partnership with the Institute of Energy Economics, Japan, announced in 2020 the world’s first blue ammonia shipment from the Kingdom to Japan.

NEOM, the Kingdom’s smart-city giga-project taking shape on the Red Sea coast, has also announced plans to build one of the world’s largest green hydrogen plants.

“They (Saudi Arabia) have ambitions for green hydrogen,” said La Camera. “They are ready to sign contracts to sell not oil and gas, but to sell green hydrogen. The question is that the demand is still not there. And so, the partners of demand have to be one of the elements to be considered for making things happen.”

So, what can be done to encourage greater demand for hydrogen products to make them a viable alternative energy source?

“First is industrial policies,” said La Camera. “Developed countries and others have industrial policies that may favor a demand for green hydrogen instead of fossil fuels. This is very important. This means the legal environment is critical.

“In the meantime, we need the infrastructure to bring what we are producing in terms of green hydrogen into the market. North Africa, they have five pipelines that can perhaps be adapted to transport, not gas, as such, but hydrogen. We may be able to have more ships for trading ammonia. We can think about electroducts that may let countries exchange energy in an efficient way.

“All these are elements of a comprehensive package that may, hopefully, push countries to go faster. But again, I have no doubts about the ambition of Saudi Arabia. I have no doubt about the ambition of the UAE, and I’ve also seen other countries in the Gulf that are moving quickly with this trend.”

COP28, the 28th session of the Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, convenes from Nov. 30 to Dec. 12 this year in the UAE — marking only the second time the summit has been held in the Arab world following Egypt’s presidency last year.

La Camera believes participating nations must use this year’s summit to go beyond pledges and promises and instead take concerted action on cutting greenhouse gas emissions and transitioning to renewables.

“We need everyone in the discussion. Oil and gas companies, governments, and countries where gases are relevant from an economic point of view. They must be part of the discussion,” he said.

“The UAE and Saudi Arabia have already shown big ambition in going for renewables. Here is a place where you can produce electricity at lower cost. And we have seen that countries in the Gulf are going for net zero, setting their own hydrogen strategy.

“For the first time, COP in the UAE will certify that we are not on track. This COP has to come up with a way to close the gap between where we are and where we should be. IRENA is trying to work on building this narrative, beyond COP28, offering the presidency something to base their work on, in funding compromise among all the other countries.

“We are quite sure that this COP28 will be historic.”

Given the widespread pessimism in many quarters, La Camera’s optimism about the transition to renewables and the proactive role played by the Gulf Arab oil producers is reassuring.

He is not complacent, however, and says he will continue to push for a faster and more ambitious adoption of clean energy at COP28 and beyond.

“Renewables are playing and will play a central role,” he said. “We are going to a new energy system that will be dominated by renewables and with the complement of hydrogen, mainly green hydrogen, and the sustainable use of biomass.

“There is no way to stop this process. The question is how to sustain this process happening at the speed and scale needed.”

 


Saudi financial ecosystem hits $267bn milestone in 2024 in line with Vision 2030

Updated 13 July 2025
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Saudi financial ecosystem hits $267bn milestone in 2024 in line with Vision 2030

  • FSDP annual report highlights booming fintech, capital market growth, and strengthened investor confidence
  • Foreign investor holdings surge 501 percent since 2017, while financial literacy and inclusion gain ground

RIYADH: Saudi Arabia’s financial sector recorded exceptional growth in 2024, with fintech firms reaching 261, venture capital investment in the sector exceeding SR7.6 billion ($2.03 billion), and gross written premiums in insurance climbing to SR76.1 billion.

Locally managed assets in the capital market surged to SR1 trillion ($267 billion), while foreign ownership rose to over SR420 billion. These milestones, outlined in the Financial Sector Development Program’s 2024 annual report, reflect the Kingdom’s accelerating progress toward the economic diversification goals of Vision 2030.

Saudi Finance Minister Mohammed Al-Jadaan, also chairman of the Financial Sector Development Program Committee, emphasized that the program continues to deliver on its promise of sustainable success.

He said the FSDP is building an economic future that solidifies Saudi Arabia’s regional and international standing while reflecting the rapid development across all sectors in this prosperous era.

The FSDP has implemented a wide range of reforms and initiatives to build a robust, diversified, and inclusive financial system. The program has helped to strengthen the Kingdom’s regional and global economic standing while enabling innovation, job creation, and investment growth.

Fintech emerged as a key success story in 2024, with the number of operating companies surpassing initial targets and contributing to the creation of over 11,000 direct jobs. The Saudi Central Bank licensed D360 Bank to begin operations, and electronic payments accounted for 79 percent of total retail transactions — underscoring the shift toward a cashless economy. The year also saw the launch of FinTech2024, the Kingdom’s first international fintech conference.

Capital markets continued their upward trajectory. With 44 new listings, the number of publicly traded companies reached 353. Locally managed assets grew 169 percent compared to 2017, reaching SR1 trillion, while foreign investor holdings jumped by 501 percent over the same period to SR 420 billion.

Notable developments included the introduction of the TASI 50 index, single-stock options, Real Estate Investment Certificates, and the listing of Saudi ETFs in Tokyo, Shanghai, and Shenzhen. The Capital Market Authority also launched the Kingdom’s Green Finance Framework to encourage sustainable investment.

In the debt capital market, the CMA unveiled a strategic roadmap and issued the first license for an alternative trading system. The Kingdom successfully conducted its first international dollar bond issuance under the Government’s Global Bond Program, attracting approximately $30 billion in orders.

Meanwhile, the government introduced “Sah,” a savings product aimed at fostering a culture of personal saving. Credit rating agencies Moody’s, Fitch, and S&P issued upward revisions to Saudi Arabia’s sovereign credit ratings in response to the country’s fiscal discipline and financial reforms.

The insurance sector also posted strong performance. Gross written premiums rose 16.3 percent from 2023 to reach SR 76.1 billion, while net profits increased by 12.5 percent to SR 3.6 billion. The Insurance Authority mandated the Saudization of all insurance product sales roles and launched a Regulatory Sandbox to support startup innovation. The number of licensed InsurTech firms rose by 56 percent. New digital services included automated motor insurance, simplified claims processes, and TELEMATICS—a unified platform for tracking driver behavior.

The finance minister noted that the progress reflected in the report underscores the Kingdom’s broader development efforts under the leadership of King Salman and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman.

Support for small and medium enterprises remained a cornerstone of financial sector development. Saudi startups attracted SR 2.8 billion ($750 million) in venture capital, maintaining the Kingdom’s lead in the MENA region. The share of bank credit to SMEs increased from 8.4 percent in late 2023 to 9.4 percent by the end of 2024.

The SME Bank disbursed over SR1.5 billion in financing to 1,029 enterprises, while the Kafalah program facilitated SR 107.2 billion in financing guarantees—advancing the Vision 2030 target for SMEs to contribute 35 percent of GDP.

On the regulatory front, the FSDP advanced significant legislative reforms to enhance transparency, competitiveness, and investor protection. Updates included new principles for finance and real estate refinance companies, revisions to debt crowdfunding rules, and regulatory changes to real estate financing. The CMA also approved omnibus accounts and relaxed conditions for debt offerings, further liberalizing capital markets.

Financial literacy and capability development remained a key focus. The Financial Academy trained more than 59,000 participants through its programs since inception. The third edition of the Gulf Smart Investor Award continued to raise awareness of personal finance, while the “Malee” program began measuring and promoting financial literacy among children aged 8 to 12.

Looking ahead, the Financial Sector Development Program aims to build on this momentum in 2025 by aligning with global standards, expanding financing options, increasing financial inclusion, and deepening capital market participation. As outlined in its annual report, the FSDP remains committed to fostering innovation, enhancing regulatory efficiency, and driving sustainable growth to realize the full ambitions of Saudi Vision 2030.


Saudi Arabia issues over 1,300 new industrial licenses in 2024: Ministry report

Updated 13 July 2025
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Saudi Arabia issues over 1,300 new industrial licenses in 2024: Ministry report

  • Private sector investments in industrial cities and zones totaled SR1.9 trillion
  • Ministry developed 454 investment opportunities worth SR143 billion

RIYADH: Saudi Arabia has issued 1,346 new industrial licenses in 2024, attracting over SR50 billion ($13.3 billion) in new investments, a recent report revealed.

Private sector investments in industrial cities and zones totaled SR1.9 trillion, and the number of licensed workers in the field was 1.09 million, with a 36 percent Saudization rate, the analysis by the Kingdom’s Ministry of Industry and Mineral Resources said.

The new figures are consistent with the nation’s efforts to transform its industrial sector to boost the number of factories to 36,000 by 2035, of which 4,000 will be fully automated. The goal is part of the Kingdom’s strategy to foster a dynamic, innovation-driven industrial sector.

They also align with data from January, when the country’s industrial production index rose by 1.3 percent year-on-year, driven by ongoing growth in manufacturing and waste management, according to the General Authority for Statistics. Monthly, the index remained stable at 103.9, unchanged from December.

“We have all the capabilities to achieve a competitive and sustainable industrial economy, including ambitious young talent, a distinguished geographical location, rich natural resources, and leading national industrial companies,” the report said, citing Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. 

“Through the National Industrial Strategy and in partnership with the private sector, the Kingdom will become a leading industrial power, contributing to securing global supply chains and exporting high-tech products to the world,” he added.

The ministry has also developed 454 investment opportunities worth SR143 billion, which are linked to the industrial sectors targeted in the National Industrial Strategy.

The report shed light on how Saudi Arabia has achieved a global ranking of 33 in the Competitive Industrial Production Index.

“This progress reflects the Kingdom’s significant efforts to strengthen its industrial sector as part of Saudi Vision 2030, which aims to diversify the economy and reduce dependence on oil. This achievement also represents an advance of two places from the target, which is 35th place globally,” the Minister of Industry and Mineral Resources, Bandar Alkhorayef, said.

“These visions and objectives set forth major ambitions to align with the Kingdom’s position as an influential regional power within the G20 group and achieve Saudi Arabia 2030, which envisions the Kingdom as a leading industrial nation in which the mining sector is the third pillar of the national economy,” Alkhorayef added.

In June, Saudi Arabia launched the second phase of its standardized industrial incentives program to enhance competitiveness and strengthen the Kingdom’s trade balance.

Speaking at the Saudi Industry Forum in Dhahran at the time, Khalil Ibn Salamah, deputy minister of industry and mineral resources for industrial affairs, said the initiative supports the government’s efforts to drive high-value investments in priority sectors.

This comes as the nation works to position itself as a regional and global industrial hub. Since its initial launch, the program has drawn more than 1,000. Of the 118 applications received, 12 have reached the final qualification stage.


ACWA Power-led consortium signs $8.3bn deals for massive renewable energy push

Updated 13 July 2025
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ACWA Power-led consortium signs $8.3bn deals for massive renewable energy push

  • Five of the new projects are photovoltaic solar initiatives
  • Deals mark largest single-phase capacity signed globally for renewable energy projects

RIYADH: A Saudi consortium led by ACWA Power has signed agreements worth SR31 billion ($8.3 billion) to develop seven major solar and wind energy projects with a combined capacity of 15,000 megawatts, the Saudi Press Agency reported on Sunday.

The consortium includes the Water and Electricity Holding Co., a subsidiary of the Public Investment Fund, and Aramco Power, which is owned by Saudi Aramco. The deals were signed in the presence of Energy Minister Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman and fall under the National Renewable Energy Program, overseen by the Ministry of Energy.

Five of the new projects are photovoltaic solar initiatives, including the Bisha Project in the Asir region and the Humaij Project in Madinah, each with a capacity of 3,000 MW. The Khulis Project in Makkah will generate 2,000 MW, while the Afif 1 and Afif 2 projects, both located in the Riyadh region, will add another 4,000 MW combined.

In addition, two wind energy projects will be developed in Riyadh: the 2,000 MW Starah Project and the 1,000 MW Shaqra Project.

The agreements mark the largest single-phase capacity signed globally for renewable energy projects.

They underscore the Kingdom’s ongoing commitment to expanding its renewable energy infrastructure and its ability to deliver electricity at globally competitive costs.

This achievement reflects strong investor confidence and the success of Saudi Arabia’s financing and development strategies in the energy sector.


Most Gulf stocks subdued as Trump steps up tariff threats

Updated 13 July 2025
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Most Gulf stocks subdued as Trump steps up tariff threats

  • Saudi Arabia’s benchmark index fell 0.2%
  • Qatar’s benchmark index finished flat in a calm session

DUBAI: Gulf equities ended mixed on Sunday, with stocks drifting in a tight range during a quiet trading session as investors sought clarity after US President Donald Trump escalated his global trade war. 

Trump threatened on Saturday to impose a 30 percent tariff on imports from Mexico and the European Union, following the announcement of a 35 percent duty on Canadian imports, both starting Aug. 1. 

He also proposed a blanket tariff rate of 15 percent-20 percent on other countries, an increase from the current 10 percent baseline rate. 

Saudi Arabia’s benchmark index fell 0.2 percent, as mixed sector performance kept the market subdued ahead of key earnings. 

Utilities heavyweight ACWA Power declined 2.4 percent as its rights issue offering ended. 

Qatar’s benchmark index finished flat in a calm session, with telecom giant Vodafone Qatar gaining 1.2 percent. 

Investors remained cautious as the US Federal Reserve is widely expected to keep interest rates unchanged as it waits to see the impact of tariffs on price pressures. 

With Gulf currencies pegged to the US dollar, the Fed’s decisions on interest rates impact the region’s monetary policy. 

Outside the Gulf, Egypt’s blue-chip index dropped 0.8 percent, hit by a 1 percent fall in Commercial International Bank. 

Egypt’s central bank kept key interest rates unchanged on Thursday, pausing a trend of rate reductions despite inflation rates easing. 


Syria signs $800m agreement with DP World to bolster ports infrastructure

Updated 13 July 2025
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Syria signs $800m agreement with DP World to bolster ports infrastructure

  • Deal focuses on developing multi-purpose terminal at Tartus
  • DP world CEO pledged to make Tartus ‘one of the best ports in the world’

DAMASCUS: Syria signed a $800 million deal with UAE-based company DP World on Sunday to develop the port of Tartus, state media reported, as the new authorities continue their efforts to support post-war reconstruction.

“In the presence of President Ahmed Al-Sharaa, an agreement was signed between the General Authority for Land and Sea Ports and DP World, valued at $800 million, as a strategic step aimed at enhancing port infrastructure and logistics services in Syria,” state-run news agency SANA said.

The agreement follows on from a memorandum of understanding signed between the two sides in May.

Following the signing of the deal, DP World CEO Sultan Bin Sulayem said Syria’s economy had “significant assets, including the Port of Tartus, which represents an opportunity to transport and export many Syrian industries.”

In a statement also shared by state media, he pledged to make Tartus “one of the best ports in the world.”

DP World operates dozens of marine and inland ports and terminals globally, particularly in Asia, Africa and Europe

The Syrian civil war devastated the country’s infrastructure, and the new authorities hope to use the lifting of Western sanctions to attract investments and fuel reconstruction efforts.

Qutaiba Badawi, head of the General Authority for Land and Sea Ports, said the parties were “not merely signing a technical agreement, but we are laying the foundation for a new phase of field and maritime work in Syria, repositioning ourselves on the regional and international economic map.”

In May, Damascus signed a 30-year contract with French shipping giant CMA CGM to develop and run the port of Latakia.

That same month, Syria signed a $7 billion energy deal with a consortium of Qatari, Turkish and US companies as part of efforts to revive its crippled power sector.