Iraq tightens grip on autonomous Kurdish region

Masrour Barzani, Prime Minister of Iraq's Autonomous Kurdistan Region, speaks at the World Government Summit in Dubai on February 12, 2024. (AFP)
Masrour Barzani, Prime Minister of Iraq's Autonomous Kurdistan Region, speaks at the World Government Summit in Dubai on February 12, 2024. (AFP)
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Updated 07 April 2024
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Iraq tightens grip on autonomous Kurdish region

Iraq tightens grip on autonomous Kurdish region
  • Recent tension undermines Irbil’s relationship with Baghdad, analyst says

BAGHDAD: Iraq is using a period of relative stability to assert more control over the autonomous Kurdistan region that has long had fraught relations with federal authorities, analysts and politicians say.

Long-simmering disputes between Baghdad and Irbil, the capital of the northern region, came to a head recently after several Supreme Court rulings that the Kurds saw as an attempt to weaken the region’s autonomy.
Regional Prime Minister Masrour Barzani warned last week of “conspiracies aimed at undermining and dismantling the Kurdistan region” with “internal support within Kurdistan.”
The pressure is aimed at Barzani’s Kurdistan Democratic Party or KDP, which has been locked in a never-ending rivalry with the other main party, the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan or PUK.

BACKGROUND

Regional Prime Minister Masrour Barzani warned last week of ‘conspiracies aimed at undermining and dismantling the Kurdistan region’ with ‘internal support within Kurdistan.’

Kurds in Iraq were persecuted under the Sunni Arab-dominated regime of the late dictator Saddam Hussein but the 2005 constitution formalized their autonomy after the 2003 US-led invasion that toppled Saddam.
But mending the volatile ties between the central government in Baghdad and Kurdistan has been a persistent challenge.
Consecutive federal governments have long been preoccupied with “crises and complex challenges,” said a senior official in Baghdad about years of war, the fight against the Daesh group, and anti-government protests.
“That is why they never looked into Kurdistan’s mistakes ... (such as) oil deals and exports, the region’s financial system, and several illegal decisions that have been made,” he added.
But, he added: “Now is the time to fix these mistakes.”
Despite facing the same problems as Baghdad, such as endemic corruption, fractious politics, and entrenched ruling elites, the US-backed Kurdistan region has portrayed itself as a hub of stability and economic growth in contrast to the conflicts and crises that have besieged federal Iraq.
Last year, civil servants and lawyers from the city of Sulaimaniyah, the PUK stronghold, had taken the regional and national authorities to court over unpaid salaries in Kurdistan, where officials have long accused Baghdad of not sending the necessary funds.
In February, the Federal Supreme Court in Baghdad ordered the federal government to pay public sector salaries in Kurdistan directly instead of via the regional administration under a previous long-standing arrangement.
It also demanded that Irbil hand over all “oil and non-oil revenues” to Baghdad.
In a separate case, the court ruled to reduce the number of seats in the Kurdish parliament from 111 to 100, effectively eliminating a quota reserved for Turkmen, Armenian, and Christian minorities.
In response, Barzani’s KDP, the largest party in the outgoing parliament with 45 seats against 21 for the PUK, said it would boycott legislative polls due to take place in June.
The tussle with the federal court has aggravated an already tense disagreement over oil exports.
In March 2023, the federal government won international arbitration, recognizing its right to control Kurdish oil exports through Turkiye.
The ruling led to the suspension of exports, which blocked a significant source of income for the regional administration.
Irbil later agreed in principle that sales of Kurdish oil would pass through Baghdad in exchange for 12.6 percent of Iraq’s public spending, but the agreement’s implementation has stalled.
When Prime Minister Mohammed Shia Al-Sudani first came to power in 2021, Baghdad and Irbil enjoyed better relations than they had seen in years.
But experts say that some parties that brought Al-Sudani to power are now determined to weaken the autonomous Kurdistan region.
“Some politicians desire to undermine the constitutional state of the Kurdistan region out of political vengeance,” said Ihsan Al-Shammari, a political scientist at the University of Baghdad.
Although court decisions concerning Kurdistan are “constitutional,” they are “political,” Al-Shammari said.
The recent tension undermines Irbil’s relationship with Baghdad and aims to “politically” weaken the KDP, Al-Shammari added.
Political bickering between the KDP and its main rival, the PUK, which enjoys friendlier ties with the federal government, has always shaped politics in the autonomous region.
PUK chief Bafel Jalal Talabani announced his support for the Supreme Court’s decisions — an institution he said helped “protect the political system in Iraq.”
But Sabah Sobhi, a KDP lawmaker, said the decisions undermined Iraq’s current political system.
He said some political parties wanted to replace “the federal and decentralized” system with a “centralized and authoritarian” rule.
“Disagreements among Kurds would undoubtedly” worsen the situation, Sobhi warned.

 

 

 


Syrian Arab Republic welcomes re-activation of its frozen OIC membership after 13 years

Syrian Arab Republic welcomes re-activation of its frozen OIC membership after 13 years
Updated 7 sec ago
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Syrian Arab Republic welcomes re-activation of its frozen OIC membership after 13 years

Syrian Arab Republic welcomes re-activation of its frozen OIC membership after 13 years

CAIRO: The Syrian Arab Republic welcomed on early Saturday the re-activation of its membership in the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) after it was frozen for 13 years, the foreign ministry said. 

Syria's membership frozen since 2012, was re-activated during a meeting of the 57-member group at the organization's headquarters in Jeddah on Friday, a Turkish diplomatic source said.

The source said the initiative put forth by Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan to re-activate Syria’s membership was accepted.

Turkiye’s Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan attends an Extraordinary Session of the OIC Council of Foreign Ministers in Jeddah on March 7, 2025. (AFP)

A statement posted on the OIC website highlighted Syria's membership as one of the topics in the discussion of the "extraordinary ministerial" meeting at the organization's headquarters in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, but did not mention how the meeting turned out.

In his opening statenment, OIC Secretary-General Hissein Brahim Taha said the initiative to include an item on Syria on the agenda of the session comes at an appropriate time. 

In December, Syrian opposition forces led by the Hayat Tahrir Al-Sham (HTS) toppled Bashar Assad after an 11-year civil war, ending his five-decade rule. 

Syria’s new government has since sought to rebuild ties with Arab nations, Western powers, and others.

Syria's Interim Foreign Minister Asaad al-Shibani attends an Extraordinary Session of the OIC Council of Foreign Ministers in Jeddah on March 7, 2025. (AFP)

Syrian Foreign Minister Asaad Hassan Al-Shibani was called into the meeting to take Syria’s seat after the vote, the source said. A video shared by Turkiye’s Foreign Ministry showed members applauding as the minister entered the room.

NATO member Turkiye has backed rebels looking to oust Assad for years. It is a close ally and supporter of the new government in Damascus, vowing to help rebuild the country and help them train their armed forces.

Last month, Syria’s new President Ahmed Al-Sharaa received an invitation from Egyptian counterpart Abdel Fattah El-Sisi to participate in an Arab League summit in Cairo, a major step in rebuilding ties with the Arab world after Assad’s downfall. 


GCC reiterates support for Syrian efforts to safeguard security, stability

GCC reiterates support for Syrian efforts to safeguard security, stability
Updated 08 March 2025
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GCC reiterates support for Syrian efforts to safeguard security, stability

GCC reiterates support for Syrian efforts to safeguard security, stability
  • Council secretary general condemns violence aimed at destabilizing Syria
  • Syrian people seek ‘brighter, more prosperous future,’ Jasem Al-Budaiwi says

RIYADH: Secretary General of the Gulf Cooperation Council Jasem Al-Budaiwi affirmed the council’s support for the Syrian Arab Republic in efforts and measures it takes to safeguard its stability and the security of its people.
Al-Budaiwi reiterated the position outlined in the final statement issued by the GCC Ministerial Council during its 163rd session, which condemned all acts of violence aimed at destabilizing Syria.
He further emphasized the GCC’s firm stance against violence, terrorism, and criminal acts, regardless of their motives or justifications.
Al-Budaiwi hoped for peace, stability, and prosperity to prevail in Syria, under the principles of law and justice, while fulfilling the aspirations of the Syrian people for a brighter and more prosperous future.


90,000 Palestinians attend Friday prayers in Jerusalem

90,000 Palestinians attend Friday prayers in Jerusalem
Updated 08 March 2025
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90,000 Palestinians attend Friday prayers in Jerusalem

90,000 Palestinians attend Friday prayers in Jerusalem

JERUSALEM: Some 90,000 Palestinians prayed at the Al-Aqsa Mosque compound in Jerusalem’s Old City under tight security by Israeli forces in the first Friday prayers of Ramadan.
Thousands made their way from the West Bank into Jerusalem for the prayers after Israel allowed men over 55 and women over 50 to enter from the occupied territory for the prayers.
Tensions have risen in the West Bank in the past weeks amid Israeli raids on militants. But there was no immediate sign of frictions on Friday.

FASTFACT

Thousands of Palestinians coming from the West Bank lined up at the Qalandia checkpoint on the edge of Jerusalem to attend the first Friday prayers of Ramadan.

It was the Palestinians’ first chance to enter occupied Jerusalem since last Ramadan about a year ago, when Israel also let in worshippers under similar restrictions.
Since the outbreak of the Israel-Hamas war in October 2023, the Israeli government has blocked Palestinians in the West Bank from crossing to Jerusalem or visiting Israel.

Palestinian Muslim worshippers scuffle with Israeli police officers, after participating in Friday prayers of Ramadan at Al-Aqsa compound, also known to Jews as Temple Mount, in Jerusalem's Old City, March 7, 2025. (REUTERS)

Last Ramadan, the war was raging, but this time, a fragile ceasefire has been in place since mid-January — though its future is uncertain.
In Gaza, thousands gathered for the Friday communal prayers in the shattered concrete husk of a mosque, heavily damaged by Israeli forces during the fighting.
On Thursday evening, Palestinians strung festive Ramadan lights around the rubble of destroyed buildings surrounding their tent camp in Gaza City and set up long communal tables for hundreds of people where aid groups served up iftar.
At Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem, Nafez Abu Saker said he left his home in the village of Aqraba in the northern West Bank at 7 a.m., taking three hours to make the 45-km trip through Israeli checkpoints to reach Jerusalem. “If the people from the West Bank will be permitted to come, people from all the cities, villages, and camps will come to Al-Aqsa to pray,” he said.
“The reward of prayer here is 500 prayers — despite the difficulty of getting here. It brings a great reward from God,” said Ezat Abu Laqia, also from Aqraba.
The faithful formed rows to listen to the Friday sermon and kneel in prayer at the foot of the golden Dome of the Rock on the sprawling mosque compound.
The Islamic Trust oversees the Al-Aqsa compound and said 90,000 attended the prayers.
The Israeli police said it deployed thousands of additional officers around the area.
The compound and the surrounding area of Jerusalem’s Old City have been the site of clashes between Palestinians and Israeli police in the past.
Thousands of Palestinians coming from the West Bank lined up at the Qalandia checkpoint on the edge of Jerusalem to attend the prayers.  But, some were turned away because they did not have the proper permits or the checkpoint was closed.
Israeli police said authorities had approved the entry of 10,000 Palestinians from the West Bank.
“All the young people, elderly people, and women were waiting here. They refused to let anyone cross at the checkpoint,” said Mohammed Owaizat, who arrived to find the crossing closed.

The first phase of the Israel-Hamas ceasefire brought the release of 25 Israeli hostages held by militants in Gaza and the bodies of eight others in exchange for the freeing of nearly 2,000 Palestinians imprisoned by Israel.
But an intended second phase of the deal — meant to bring the release of remaining hostages and a lasting truce and complete Israeli withdrawal from Gaza — has been thrown into doubt. Israel has balked at entering negotiations over the terms of the second phase. Instead, it has called for Hamas to release half its remaining hostages in return for an extension of the ceasefire and a promise to negotiate a lasting truce.
It says its bar on aid to Gaza will continue and could be escalated until Hamas accepts the proposal — a move rights groups and Arab countries have decried as a “starvation tactic.”
Hamas has demanded that the original ceasefire deal be implemented.
Egypt’s State Information Service said that a Hamas delegation arrived in Cairo on Friday to discuss the deal’s implementation and to push for the second phase.
Israel’s military offensive has killed over 48,000 Palestinians in Gaza, mostly women and children, according to Gaza’s Health Ministry.

 


Israel’s West Bank operation aligns with annexation ‘vision’: UNRWA

Israel’s West Bank operation aligns with annexation ‘vision’: UNRWA
Updated 08 March 2025
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Israel’s West Bank operation aligns with annexation ‘vision’: UNRWA

Israel’s West Bank operation aligns with annexation ‘vision’: UNRWA
  • The Israeli operation, which the military says targets militants in the northern West Bank, was launched shortly after a truce took hold in the Israel-Hamas war in Gaza, a separate Palestinian territory

RAMALLAH: A major Israeli offensive, which over several weeks has displaced tens of thousands of Palestinians and ravaged refugee camps, increasingly appears to be aligned with the “vision of annexation” of the West Bank, said a UN official.
Israeli forces carry out regular raids targeting militants in the West Bank, which has been occupied since 1967, but the ongoing operation since late January is already the longest in two decades, with dire effects on Palestinians.
“There are growing concerns that the reality being created on the ground aligns with the vision of annexation of the West Bank,” said Roland Friedrich, director of West Bank affairs for UNRWA, the UN agency supporting Palestinian refugees.
“It’s an unprecedented situation, both from a humanitarian and wider political perspective,” he said.
“We talk about 40,000 people that have been forcibly displaced from their homes” in the northern West Bank, mainly from three refugee camps where the operation had begun, said Friedrich.
“These camps are now largely empty,” he said, their residents unable to return and struggling to find shelter elsewhere.
Inside the camps, the level of destruction to “electricity, sewage and water, but also private houses” was “very concerning,” Friedrich added.
The Israeli operation, which the military says targets militants in the northern West Bank, was launched shortly after a truce took hold in the Israel-Hamas war in Gaza, a separate Palestinian territory.
The operation initially focused on Jenin, Tulkarm, and Nur Shams refugee camps, where UNRWA operates, but has since expanded to more areas of the West Bank’s north.
Israeli Defense Minister Israel Katz has said troops would remain for many months in the evacuated camps to “prevent the return of residents and the resurgence of terrorism.”
And Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich, a far-right politician who lives in one of dozens of Israeli settlements in the West Bank, has said that Israel would be “applying sovereignty” over parts of the territory in 2025.
According to Friedrich, “the statements we hear indicate that this is a political operation. It is clearly being said that people will not be allowed to return.”
Last year, the International Court of Justice issued an advisory opinion saying that Israel’s prolonged presence in the West Bank was unlawful.
Away from home, the displaced Palestinian residents also grapple with a worsening financial burden.
“There is an increasing demand now, especially in Jenin, for public shelter because people can’t pay these amounts for rent anymore,” said Friedrich.
“Everyone wants to go back to the camps.”
The UN official provided examples that he said pointed to plans for long-term Israeli presence inside Palestinian cities, which should be under the control of the Palestinian Authority.
“In Tulkarm, you have more and more reports about the army just walking around ... asking shop owners to keep the shops open, going out and issuing traffic tickets to cars, so almost as if there is no Palestinian Authority,” said Friedrich.
“It is very worrying, including for the future of the PA as such and the investments made by the international community into building Palestinian institutions.”
The Ramallah-based PA was created in the 1990s as a temporary government that would pave the way to a future sovereign state.
UNRWA is the main humanitarian agency for Palestinians, but a recent law bars the agency from working with the Israeli authorities, hindering its badly needed operations.
“It’s much more complicated for us now because we can’t speak directly to the military anymore,” said Friedrich.
“But at the same time, we continue to do our work,” he said, assessing needs and coordinating “the actual emergency response on the ground.”
Israeli lawmakers had passed the legislation against UNRWA’s work over accusations that it had provided cover for Hamas militants in the Gaza Strip — claims the UN and many donor governments dispute.
The prolonged Israeli operation could have long-term consequences for residents, particularly children traumatized by the experience of displacement, Friedrich warned.
“If people can’t go back to the camp and we can’t reopen the schools... clearly, that will lead to more radicalization going forward.”
He said the situation could compound a legitimacy crisis for the PA, often criticized by militant Palestinian factions for coordinating security matters with Israel.
Displaced Palestinians “feel that they are kicked out of their homes and that nobody is supporting them,” said Friedrich.
He added that a “stronger international response” was needed, “both to provide humanitarian aid on the ground, and secondly, to ensure that the situation in the West Bank doesn’t spin out of control.”

 

 

 


Israel army says struck Hezbollah ‘military sites’ in south Lebanon

Israel army says struck Hezbollah ‘military sites’ in south Lebanon
Updated 08 March 2025
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Israel army says struck Hezbollah ‘military sites’ in south Lebanon

Israel army says struck Hezbollah ‘military sites’ in south Lebanon
  • “A short while ago, the IDF conducted intelligence-based strikes on military sites in southern Lebanon,” the army said
  • “The weapons and the rocket launchers in the military sites posed a threat to the State of Israel”

JERUSALEM: Israel’s army said it conducted strikes on “military sites” belonging to the Iran-backed Hezbollah group in south Lebanon on Friday, as Lebanese media reported a series of Israeli strikes in the south.
A November 27 truce agreement largely halted more than a year of hostilities between Hezbollah and Israel, including two months of full-blown war in which Israel sent in ground troops.
Israel has continued to carry out periodic strikes on Lebanese territory since the agreement took effect.
“A short while ago, the IDF conducted intelligence-based strikes on military sites in southern Lebanon belonging to the Hezbollah terrorist organization in which weapons and rocket launchers belonging to Hezbollah were identified,” the army said in a statement.
“The weapons and the rocket launchers in the military sites posed a threat to the State of Israel and constituted a blatant violation of the understandings between Israel and Lebanon,” it added.
Lebanon’s official National News Agency (NNA) reported a series of Israeli strikes targeting several areas of Lebanon’s south.
Israel had been due to withdraw from Lebanon by February 18 after missing a January deadline, but it has kept troops at five locations it deems “strategic.”
The ceasefire also required Hezbollah to pull back north of the Litani River, about 30 kilometers (20 miles) from the border, and to dismantle any remaining military infrastructure in the south.