The former Lebanese PM Rafik Hariri was praised by many for transforming post-civil war Lebanon. AFP
The former Lebanese PM Rafik Hariri was praised by many for transforming post-civil war Lebanon. AFP

2005 - The assassination of Hariri

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Updated 19 April 2025
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2005 - The assassination of Hariri

2005 - The assassination of Hariri
  • The car bomb that killed the former prime minister wiped out all hope of a prosperous and peaceful country

DUBAI: The Middle East of the early 2000s was in a state of flux. Saddam Hussein was toppled in Iraq. Al-Qaeda and its various hydra-headed affiliates were running amok, popping up everywhere. Terrorists were on a killing spree. There was chaos and confusion.

It was during this particularly unstable time that I entered journalism, at Lebanon’s Future Television. There were plenty of stories to cover in the region, mostly of death and destruction, conspiracy and collusion, revenge and vendetta. There seemed to be an unending and singularly vicious cycle of violence.

In Lebanon, on the other hand, Rafik Hariri was scripting a rare success story. By following his vision, and thanks to the Saudi-brokered Taif Agreement in 1989 that brought to an end the civil war, the country had finally found its feet as the “Switzerland of the East.”

Hariri was at the helm as prime minister from 1992 to 1998, and again from 2000 to 2004. He turned Lebanon around, infusing new life into a country that had been ripped asunder by a long, bloody civil war.

It was a dream time for the nation. Lebanon became the talk of the town in shisha cafes across the region. Here was a Middle Eastern country proving that it could rise from the ashes and earn the admiration of its people, as well as that of the wider world. Proving that it could set an example for others to follow. The one man responsible for this unprecedented, historic turnaround was Hariri.

Unfortunately, as the saying goes, all good things come to an end — or, in the case of the Middle East, are brought to a violent end with bloody carnage.

And so it was that the purveyors of death and destruction, the satanic forces that had been lying in wait for a long time, struck. The location was the center of Beirut, and the strike hit with the destructive force of about 1,000 kilograms of explosives. Hariri was assassinated at the age of only 60.

How we wrote it




Arab News dedicated its front page to Rafik Hariri’s tragic assassina­tion, capturing global outrage and local fears.

I was nearly 4,000 kilometers away at the time, in London, working for Asharq Al-Awsat. I remember that day with pain and pathos. It was Monday, Feb. 14, 2005. Those were pre-Twitter days, and suddenly I found myself deluged with text messages. I rushed to my office.

I watched the whole world freeze as I saw the images of the exploding car. This was not just another news story to me, because I had worked at Future Television, which Hariri founded, and I had known him personally. I also knew, and had worked with, a number of other people who were at the scene of the explosion in Beirut, including the cameraman who was seen weeping in images at the time.

My pain and anger were all the greater because I had witnessed what was commonly referred to as “the second golden era of Lebanon,” between 1992 and 2005, when Hariri was in his prime. Many memories flashed through my mind.

I remembered distinctly the feelings of euphoria when French President Jacques Chirac had visited and walked hand-in-hand with Hariri in downtown Beirut. That happened on a beautiful summer night in the early 2000s, when the center of the city was buzzing with citizens, expatriates and tourists. They were out to enjoy the experience of fine dining, shopping, clubbing or puffing on shisha in the newly renovated heart of the Lebanese capital.

The atmosphere felt so busy and alive, and I recall sitting with several friends. We had chosen to go to a well-known downtown cafe opposite the headquarters of the now-defunct pan-Arab daily newspaper Al-Hayat. We struggled to attract the attention of the waiters, who were doing their best to handle the flood of orders being thrown at them, mostly by much better-tipping Gulf tourists who, for obvious reasons, did not have as many problems as we students did in getting their attention.

Then, all of a sudden, a musician playing the saxophone beside our table stopped his music. Everybody stood and people all around us began clapping and cheering as Hariri appeared on the street, holding hands with Chirac.

Key Dates

  • 1

    Prime Minister Rafik Hariri supports UN Security Council Resolution 1559 calling for Syrian and other foreign forces to leave Lebanon.

  • 2

    Hariri resigns as prime minister in protest against Syria’s role in Lebanon.

    Timeline Image Oct. 20, 2004

  • 3

    While campaigning for parliamentary elections, Hariri urges the opposition to back Resolution 1559.

  • 4

    Hariri is assassinated in Beirut.

    Timeline Image Feb. 14, 2005

  • 5

    Under pressure from world opinion and the mass protests of the Cedar Revolution, Syrian troops finally withdraw from Lebanon.

    Timeline Image April 27, 2005

  • 6

    Appointed by the UN to investigate Hariri’s assassination, the international Special Tribunal for Lebanon opens in The Hague. Four suspected members of Hezbollah eventually charged with his murder. One later dies, the others remain fugitives.

    Timeline Image March 1, 2009

  • 7

    Hassan Nasrallah, longtime leader of Hezbollah, killed by Israeli airstrike on an underground facility in Dahieh, the group’s stronghold in Beirut. He is succeeded by his deputy, Naim Qassem.

  • 8

    After more than 2 years of political deadlock, Lebanon’s parliament elects armed forces commander Joseph Aoun as the country’s 14th president.

The French president was on an official visit to Lebanon, and Hariri decided to show him firsthand the progress made by the Lebanese people, both socially and physically. What better way to do this than take Chirac out for a walk to experience the kind of vibrant life Hariri had worked so hard to provide for his nation?

There were no bodyguards in sight, no weapons and no formalities whatsoever. On the contrary, both leaders casually greeted people and shook hands with them. The musician began, with no prompting, to play the French national anthem on his saxophone.

It was phenomenal, and incredible, how Hariri managed to turn Lebanon around in less than a decade. There was a new airport, a new downtown area, and tourism flourished. Everything was going right for the country. It was indeed Lebanon in its prime, a legendary second golden period.

Watching from my office in London, I realized immediately how the assassination of Hariri was going to affect Lebanon. I anticipated, and then painfully witnessed, the steady deterioration and institutions failing, one after the other.

Two decades later, Lebanon has defaulted on its debt, people are protesting about the lack of jobs, opportunities and even basic necessities of modern life such as electricity 24 hours a day.

More concerning is the reality that, regardless of the government that is elected, or the heavy blow Hezbollah suffered during its most recent conflict with Israel, which brought destruction and despair to the heart of Beirut, members of the Iran-backed groups of the country.

The assassination of Hariri wiped out all hope of a prosperous and peaceful Lebanon. This only added to the depressing scenario that existed then, and continues to exist, in the wider Middle East.




Firemen try to extinguish flames engulfing one of the cars of Rafik Hariri’s convoy in Beirut after his assassination. AFP

Twenty years have passed since Hariri was assassinated, and in that time I have written umpteen articles on the state of affairs in Lebanon. Whenever I write on the topic, I recall wistfully and nostalgically the stellar vision and leadership that Hariri provided for his country. Sadly, however, those days are gone — and they are not coming back.

Hariri had a vision and that vision died with him. His critics say he was a Saudi puppet, and that he brought on the financial debt Lebanon now faces. Of course the country had to borrow money under Hariri, but it was on its way to recovery and the numbers at the time showed it.

As for the accusation that Lebanon was the Kingdom’s puppet, well, as Saudi Defense Minister Prince Khaled bin Salman rightly put it during an interview with media group Vice, Saudi Arabia sent tourists to Lebanon and Iran sent terrorists (including Hezbollah, which is accused of killing Hariri).

If there is any doubt over which vision was and is better for Lebanon, one only has to compare the central Beirut that existed under Hariri when Chirac visited, with what it is today under the armed rule of Hezbollah: much like the rest of the country, it is torn apart by political divisions and unable to function, with businesses forced to close and tourists nowhere to be found.

On Feb. 14, 2025, 20 years to the day after Hariri was assassinated, his supporters took to the streets once again, able for the first time to commemorate the memory of the late statesman without any real fear of threats from Hezbollah. The militia’s leader, Hassan Nasrallah, and most of his deputies were killed by Israel during the dramatic events of 2024.

In January this year, after a power vacuum that persisted for more than two years amid political deadlock, Lebanon’s parliament finally freely elected a new president, former army chief Joseph Aoun. The headline on the Arab News story that reported this development was “The rebirth of a republic” — the republic that Rafik Hariri dreamed of and in pursuit of which he gave his life.

  • Faisal J. Abbas, Arab News editor-in-chief, began his journalism career in Lebanon.


‘We are not afraid’: Pakistanis at India-Pakistan border ceremony amid Kashmir tensions

‘We are not afraid’: Pakistanis at India-Pakistan border ceremony amid Kashmir tensions
Updated 7 min 47 sec ago
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‘We are not afraid’: Pakistanis at India-Pakistan border ceremony amid Kashmir tensions

‘We are not afraid’: Pakistanis at India-Pakistan border ceremony amid Kashmir tensions
  • Soldiers from both nations perform aggressive marches, avoid traditional handshake as emotions run high over standoff
  • Border crossing closed after attack in Indian-administered Kashmir that New Delhi blames on Pakistan, which denies charge

At the Wagah-Attari border, which marks the final boundary between the nuclear-armed nations of India and Pakistan, the atmosphere is charged with patriotism. The sound of drums can be heard as soldiers perform a choreographed, ceremonial march, showcasing both countries’ pride.
However, the usual symbol of cooperation — a handshake between the two countries’ soldiers — is missing, and the iron gates that separate the two sides remain locked. This is in the context of tense relations between India and Pakistan, heightened by a deadly attack in Kashmir.
Despite the tension, people gather to express their feelings, celebrate their national identities, and watch the dramatic flag-lowering ceremony that has become a symbolic ritual at the border. Visitors on the Pakistani side say they are not afraid of the soaring tensions and for them, it is business as usual.
“We don’t feel any such tension. We feel that we are as safe as we used to be before,” Muhammad Luqman, a Pakistani teacher who was visiting the Wagah border, told AFP.
“The reason for this is that we feel our country’s defense is in strong hands. We don’t have any sort of doubt or fear.”
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi has given his military “full operational freedom” to respond to the attack as public anger swelled in his country after New Delhi accused Pakistan of involvement in the April 22 attack that killed 26 tourists. Islamabad has denied the allegations and called for a credible international probe into it.
On Monday, Pakistan carried out a second missile test in three days after saying it was preparing for an incursion by India.
The two nuclear-armed countries have exchanged gunfire along their de facto border in Kashmir, and there have been fears that the latest crisis between the nuclear-armed rivals, who have fought three wars, including two over the disputed region of Kashmir, could spiral into a military conflict.
“Pakistan is a brave nation. We live near the Wagah border. If there is any danger, we will be first picked up from the village, then it will be the turn of the people of the city, because we live in the [border] village,” said Muhammad Abu Bakar, a student.
“The villagers should be afraid, but the villagers are not afraid.”
The flare-up between India and Pakistan has once again alarmed world and regional powers, who have called for restraint and urged the two neighbors to resolve the crisis through dialogue.


Rwanda in ‘initial’ talks with US over migration deal

Rwanda in ‘initial’ talks with US over migration deal
Updated 2 min 36 sec ago
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Rwanda in ‘initial’ talks with US over migration deal

Rwanda in ‘initial’ talks with US over migration deal
  • Great Lakes nation — often viewed as an island of stability in a turbulent region — previously made a similar multi-million deal with Britain to receive deported illegal migrants
  • FM Olivier Nduhungirehe: ‘Those reports are true, we are engaged in discussions with the Government of the United States of America’

KIGALI: Rwanda and Washington are in the early stages of talks to receive immigrants from the United States, the Rwandan foreign minister told state media.
Washington has been pushing a mass deportation drive, with President Donald Trump’s administration negotiating highly controversial arrangements to send migrants to third countries.
The Great Lakes nation — often viewed as an island of stability in a turbulent region — previously made a similar multi-million deal with Britain to receive deported illegal migrants. However, it was scrapped immediately after a new government was elected last year.
Foreign minister Olivier Nduhungirehe confirmed earlier reports that Rwanda was among countries talking to Washington over a migrant deal, following a question on state TV on Sunday.
“Those reports are true, we are engaged in discussions with the Government of the United States of America,” he said.
Noting the similar agreement with the British, Nduhungirehe said such a deal “is not something new to us.”
However, while he confirmed that the two nations were engaged in “ongoing” talks, he said “they are not yet conclusive to determine the direction this will take.”
“I would say the discussions are in their initial stages, but we continue to talk about this problem of migrants,” he said, without giving further details.
When contacted by AFP about the talks he said: “You will be informed when the discussions will be finalized.”
Washington’s deal with El Salvador has created a furor, notably after a US official acknowledged that authorities mistakenly expelled one Salvadoran man but that the United States could not bring him back.
The Kigali-London deal was also controversial, with the UK’s Supreme Court ruling that sending migrants to Rwanda through the agreement would be illegal because it “would expose them to a real risk of ill-treatment.”
The tiny nation of roughly 13 million people has been criticized by rights groups over its human rights record and increasingly diminished freedom of speech.
Rwanda has also faced mounting pressure over its involvement in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the east of which has been re-engulfed in conflict after a lightning strike by a Rwandan-backed military group.


Pakistan says won’t escalate tensions with India, vows to defend itself in case of any ‘adventure’

Pakistan says won’t escalate tensions with India, vows to defend itself in case of any ‘adventure’
Updated 18 min 25 sec ago
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Pakistan says won’t escalate tensions with India, vows to defend itself in case of any ‘adventure’

Pakistan says won’t escalate tensions with India, vows to defend itself in case of any ‘adventure’
  • The statement comes amid fears that India may carry out limited strikes against Pakistan over an attack in Kashmir that 26 tourists
  • New Delhi accused Pakistan of backing the attack, Islamabad has rejected the charge and called for a credible investigation into it

ISLAMABAD: Pakistan’s deputy prime minister and foreign minister, Ishaq Dar, said on Monday his country would not make any move that could escalate prevailing tensions with India, but it would give a “befitting reply” in case of any “adventure” by New Delhi.
Relations between the nuclear-armed neighbors have plummeted after India accused Pakistan of backing an attack in Indian-administered Kashmir’s Pahalgam that killed 26 tourists on April 22. Islamabad has rejected the charge and both countries have since exchanged gunfire in Kashmir, taken diplomatic measures against each other, expelled citizens and ordered the border shut.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi has vowed to pursue the attackers “to the ends of the earth” and there have been fears that India may carry out limited airstrikes or special forces raids near the border with Pakistan. A Pakistani minister last week said Islamabad had “credible intelligence” India was planning to attack Pakistan.
Speaking to journalists alongside Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi, Dar said Pakistan had nothing to do with the Pahalgam incident and its offer to participate in a credible international probe was still there, adding that Islamabad would demonstrate “full restraint.”
“We will demonstrate patience, we will exercise full restraint and we will not be the first one to take any escalatory move,” he told reporters in Islamabad, following his meeting with the Iranian FM.
“However, if India takes any adventure, any escalatory move, then we will give a befitting reply. So, that’s where we stand.”
FM Araghchi said he discussed the current regional situation, particularly Pakistan-India tensions after the Pahalgam attack and Pakistan’s stance on it as well as the Tehran-United States nuclear talks with his Pakistani counterpart.
The diplomatic flare-up and exchanges of small arms fire between India and Pakistan across their de facto border in Kashmir has alarmed world and regional powers, who have called for restraint and urged the two neighbors to resolve the crisis through dialogue.
Iran has offered to mediate the crisis between Pakistan and India, with Araghchi saying his country was “ready to use its good offices” to resolve the standoff.
Pakistan and India have a history of bitter relations. They have fought two of their three wars over Kashmir, a region split between them, since gaining independence from the former British colonial rule in 1947.
Dar said Pakistan had assured foreign capitals and friendly nations that it would not be the first one to strike, reiterating PM Shehbaz Sharif’s offer for a credible probe into the April 22 attack.
“Our offer is very much there,” he added.


Thousands of people gather near Buckingham Palace to mark the 80th anniversary of VE Day

Thousands of people gather near Buckingham Palace to mark the 80th anniversary of VE Day
Updated 24 min 35 sec ago
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Thousands of people gather near Buckingham Palace to mark the 80th anniversary of VE Day

Thousands of people gather near Buckingham Palace to mark the 80th anniversary of VE Day
  • Britain started its commemorations of V-E Day three days early, because Monday is a public holiday in the UK

LONDON: Thousands of people lined the roads around the Houses of Parliament and Buckingham Palace on Monday as British and allied troops paraded past at the start of four days of pageantry to mark the 80th anniversary of the end of World War II in Europe.
After Big Ben tolled at the stroke of noon, actor Timothy Spall recited the victory speech that Winston Churchill delivered to a roaring crowd in central London on May 8, 1945. Britain started its commemorations of V-E Day three days early, because Monday is a public holiday in the UK.
The Cenotaph, the nation’s war memorial, was covered with Union Jack flags. It was the first time that the memorial had been draped in the flags since it was unveiled by King George V in 1920, two years after the end of World War I.
About 1,300 members of the British armed forces are being joined by troops from the United Kingdom’s NATO allies and Ukraine — a nod to the present war in Europe. The procession started in Parliament Square and swept past Buckingham Palace, where King Charles III took the salute.
Maria Crook, 69, who wore a hat with red, white and blue ribbons, traveled from Devon to London to watch the procession.
“I think it’s extremely important to pay our respects and honor those who have died for us,” she said.


In Dhaka, Makkah Route facility eases Bangladeshi pilgrims’ Hajj journey

In Dhaka, Makkah Route facility eases Bangladeshi pilgrims’ Hajj journey
Updated 31 min 47 sec ago
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In Dhaka, Makkah Route facility eases Bangladeshi pilgrims’ Hajj journey

In Dhaka, Makkah Route facility eases Bangladeshi pilgrims’ Hajj journey
  • Around 87,000 Bangladeshis will be going for Hajj in 2025
  • Special pilgrimage flights from Dhaka began on April 29

Dhaka: Bangladeshi pilgrims have welcomed the Hajj immigration procedures under the Makkah Route initiative, which are easing the process for tens of thousands of pilgrims departing for Saudi Arabia from the nation’s main international airport.

Most of the pilgrims are departing from Dhaka under the flagship pre-travel program.

The Kingdom launched the initiative in 2019 to help pilgrims meet all the visa, customs and health requirements at the airport of origin and save them long hours of waiting before and upon arrival in Saudi Arabia.

This year, Hajj is expected to start on June 4, and special pilgrimage flights from the Bangladeshi capital began on April 29.

“The Makkah Route initiative … It’s very pleasant for the pilgrims of Bangladesh. It is, of course, time-saving and being done comfortably,” Hajj director Mohammad Lokman Hossain told Arab News over the weekend.

“They didn’t have to wait in a long queue and it’s very beneficial to the pilgrims.”

Bangladesh is among seven Muslim-majority countries — including Pakistan, Malaysia, Indonesia, Morocco, Turkiye and Cote d’Ivoire — where Saudi Arabia is operating its Makkah Route initiative.

One of the most populous Muslim-majority countries, Bangladesh was granted a quota of 127,000 pilgrims in 2025. But only about 87,000 will be going this year due to high inflation and rising cost of airfares to the Middle East.

The pilgrims appreciated the way the Saudi facility was organized at the airport as they prepared to board their flights to the Kingdom.

“We have completed the immigration formalities very easily. There was no delay, no waiting. It’s like we came and everything was done,” Mohammad Ruhul Kuddus, a businessman from Dhaka, told Arab News.

For Oaliur Reza, the immigration process took only a minute.

“I had no idea about these services. I just found out about it for the first time and I had a very good experience,” Reza said.

“Just within a minute, I passed the immigration, and I liked this service the most.”

Abdul Awal, a businessman from the city of Feni, recalled how different it had been the first time he performed Hajj, when the Makkah Route initiative was not yet introduced.

“I like the current system a lot. It made things easier. The difficulties of the pilgrims have been reduced now significantly compared to the years before (the Makkah Route initiative),” Awal said.

“There were plenty of computerized service counters here for the pilgrims. Praise be to God, it’s very good.”